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Executive functioning in early and middle age adult patients operated for epidural hematoma: A comparative study
Applied Neuropsychology: Adult ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 , DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2048831
Shweta Singh 1 , Adarsh Tripathi 1 , Bandna Gupta 1 , Seema Rani Sarraf 1 , Girdhar Agarwal 2 , Balkrishna Ojha 3 , P K Dalal 1
Affiliation  

Abstract

Epidural Hematoma (EDH) is a common condition of traumatic brain injury. It has a good prognosis if prompt surgical intervention is conducted. There is a dearth of studies on neuropsychological assessment of executive functioning exclusively in post-operative EDH patients. Moreover, age as a variable in determining executive functions in patients post-head injury, has been studied mostly in the older adults. This cross-sectional case-control study assessed Executive Functions (EF) in 62 post-surgery patients with EDH and compared 57 healthy controls (HC) using standardized assessment tools of sustained attention, speed, working memory, fluency, set-shifting, perseveration, planning, and response inhibition. Further, executive functions in two phases of adulthood, viz. Early Adulthood (20–39 years) and Middle Adulthood (40–60 years) were compared in the EDH group (E-EDH and M-EDH) and HC (E-HC and M-HC). A two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and correlational analysis was conducted. Results showed a trend where the M-EDH group performed significantly poorer on executive function tests (viz a viz., time taken, errors, and correct responses), followed by E-EDH, M-HC, and E-HC. The main effect of age was found significant on Digit Symbol, Color Trail 1, N-Back 2, Animal Naming, and Stroop Effect (p < 0.01 level) while N-Back 1, WCST-PE, and Tower of London (p < 0.05 level). The findings have significant clinical and therapeutic implications. In addition, it gives guidance regarding planning specific neuropsychological tests and rehabilitation targeting specific areas of executive functions decline due to age in EDH post-surgery patients.



中文翻译:

早期和中年成人硬膜外血肿手术患者的执行功能:一项比较研究

摘要

硬膜外血肿 (EDH) 是创伤性脑损伤的常见病症。如果及时进行手术干预,预后良好。仅对术后 EDH 患者的执行功能进行神经心理学评估的研究很少。此外,年龄作为确定头部受伤后患者执行功能的变量,主要在老年人中进行研究。这项横断面病例对照研究评估了 62 名 EDH 术后患者的执行功能 (EF),并使用持续注意力、速度、工作记忆、流畅性、设定转换、坚持不懈的标准化评估工具比较了 57 名健康对照 (HC) 、计划和反应抑制。此外,执行功能在成年的两个阶段,即。在 EDH 组(E-EDH 和 M-EDH)和 HC(E-HC 和 M-HC)中比较了成年早期(20-39 岁)和成年中期(40-60 岁)。进行了方差分析(ANOVA)和相关分析的双向分析。结果显示,M-EDH 组在执行功能测试(所用时间、错误和正确响应)上的表现明显较差,其次是 E-EDH、M-HC 和 E-HC。年龄的主效应在数字符号、颜色轨迹 1、N-Back 2、动物命名和 Stroop 效应(p  < 0.01 水平)上显着,而 N-Back 1、WCST-PE 和伦敦塔(p < 0.05 水平)。这些发现具有重要的临床和治疗意义。此外,它还提供了有关计划特定神经心理学测试和针对因 EDH 手术后患者年龄而导致执行功能下降的特定区域的康复的指导。

更新日期:2022-03-20
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