Efficacy of insecticides chlorpyrifos-methyl (CH), deltamethrin (DE) and spinosad (SP) was evaluated alone and in binary combinations with carbon dioxide (CA) against Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Mortality of S. oryzae adults was recorded after 3, 7 and 14 days, and progeny production and wheat weight loss were assessed after 90 days for all treatments. In individual treatments, the mortality of S. oryzae adults was 69.5, 79.8, 50.7 and 61.4% after 14 days of exposure to the highest concentration of CA (30%), CH (0.5 mg/kg), DE (1.0 mg/kg) and SP (0.5 mg/kg), respectively. Mortality of S. oryzae adults was higher in combined treatments at all tested rates than individual treatments. Mortality of adults of 100% was obtained in combined treatments of CH (0.5 mg/kg) + CA (30%) after 3 days and DE (1.0 mg/kg) + CA (30%) after 14 days of exposure. Combinations of SP + CA were more effective than CH + CA and DE + CA as 100.0% mortality was achieved in combined treatments of SP at 0.25 mg/kg with CA at 20 and 30%, and SP at 0.5 mg/kg with CA at 20 and 30% after 3 days of exposure. Progeny production of S. oryzae was decreased significantly in all treatments compared with untreated wheat grains after 90 days of exposure. High rates induced progeny reduction of 100% and complete protection of wheat grains against damage caused by S. oryzae after 90 days. Moreover, germination percentages of wheat seeds treated with CH at 0.5 mg/kg, DE at 1.0 mg/kg, CA at 30% and CH at 0.5 mg/kg + CA at 30% were 90.6, 86.7, 86.7 and 90.0, respectively. Our results indicate that the combination of insecticides with CA appears promising as an approach for the control of S. oryzae.

单独评估杀虫剂毒死蜱 (CH)、溴氰菊酯 (DE) 和多杀菌素 (SP) 以及与二氧化碳 (CA) 二元组合对稻瘟病菌(L.) 的功效。在 3、7 和 14 天后记录米沙门氏菌成虫的死亡率，并在 90 天后评估所有处理的后代产量和小麦重量损失。在个别处理中，暴露于最高浓度的 CA (30%)、CH (0.5 mg/kg)、DE (1.0 mg/kg) 14 天后，米链球菌成虫的死亡率分别为 69.5、79.8、50.7 和 61.4 % ) 和 SP (0.5 mg/kg)，分别。S. oryzae的死亡率在所有测试率下，成人在联合治疗中的比例高于单独治疗。暴露 3 天后 CH (0.5 mg/kg) + CA (30%) 和暴露 14 天后 DE (1.0 mg/kg) + CA (30%) 的联合治疗获得了 100% 的成人死亡率。SP + CA 的组合比 CH + CA 和 DE + CA 更有效，因为在 0.25 mg/kg 的 SP 与 20% 和 30% 的 CA 以及 0.5 mg/kg 的 SP 与 CA 的联合治疗中实现了 100.0% 的死亡率暴露 3 天后分别为 20% 和 30%。与未处理的小麦籽粒相比，在所有处理中，在接触 90 天后，米链球菌的后代产量均显着下降。高比率可导致 100% 的后代减少并完全保护小麦籽粒免受米曲霉造成的损害90 天后。此外，用 0.5 mg/kg CH、1.0 mg/kg DE、30% CA 和 0.5 mg/kg + CA 30% 处理的小麦种子发芽率分别为 90.6、86.7、86.7 和 90.0。我们的结果表明，杀虫剂与 CA 的组合作为一种控制米霉病的方法似乎很有前景。