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Record low sea ice extent in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica in April/May 2019 driven by intense and explosive polar cyclones
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science ( IF 9 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-18 , DOI: 10.1038/s41612-022-00243-9
B. Jena , C. C. Bajish , J. Turner , M. Ravichandran , N. Anilkumar , S. Kshitija

Sea ice extent (SIE) in the Weddell Sea attained exceptionally low levels in April (1.97 million km2) and May (3.06 million km2) 2019, with the values being ~22% below the long-term mean. Using in-situ, satellite and atmospheric reanalysis data, we show the large negative SIE anomalies were driven by the passage of a series of intense and explosive polar cyclones (with record low pressure), also known as atmospheric ‘bombs’, which had atmospheric rivers on their eastern flanks. These storms led to the poleward propagation of record-high swell and wind waves (~9.6 m), resulting in southward ice advection (~50 km). Thermodynamic processes also played a part, including record anomalous atmospheric heat (>138 W m−2) and moisture (>300 kg m−1s−1) fluxes from midlatitudes, along with ocean mixed-layer warming (>2 °C). The atmospheric circulation anomalies were associated with an amplified wave number three pattern leading to enhanced meridional flow between midlatitudes and the Antarctic.



中文翻译:

2019 年 4 月/2019 年 5 月,在强烈和爆炸性极地气旋的驱动下,南极洲威德尔海的海冰范围达到创纪录的低水平

威德尔海的海冰范围 (SIE) 在 2019 年 4 月(197 万公里2)和 5 月(306 万公里2)达到了极低的水平,比长期平均值低约 22%。使用原位、卫星和大气再分析数据,我们表明大型负 SIE 异常是由一系列强烈和爆炸性极地气旋(具有创纪录的低压)通过的驱动的,也称为大气“炸弹”,它具有大气他们东侧的河流。这些风暴导致创纪录的海浪和风波(~9.6 m)向极地传播,导致冰向南平流(~50 km)。热力学过程也发挥了作用,包括创纪录的异常大气热量(>138 W m -2)和水分(>300 kg m -1s -1 ) 来自中纬度的通量,以及海洋混合层变暖 (>2 °C)。大气环流异常与放大的波数三模式有关,导致中纬度和南极之间的经向流动增强。

更新日期:2022-03-18
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