Dietary intake and physical activity impact performance and adaptation during training. The aims of this study were to compare energy and macronutrient intake during British Army Officer Cadet training with dietary guidelines and describe daily distribution of energy and macronutrient intake and estimated energy expenditure. Thirteen participants (seven women) were monitored during three discrete periods of military training for 9 days on-camp, 5 days of field exercise, and 9 days of a mixture of the two. Dietary intake was measured using researcher-led food weighing and food diaries, and energy expenditure was estimated from wrist-worn accelerometers. Energy intake was below guidelines for men (4,600 kcal/day) and women (3,500 kcal/day) during on-camp training (men = −16% and women = −9%), field exercise (men = −33% and women = −42%), and combined camp and field training (men and women both −34%). Carbohydrate intake of men and women were below guidelines (6 g·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹) during field exercise (men = −18% and women = −37%) and combined camp and field training (men = −33% and women = −39%), respectively. Protein intake was above guidelines (1.2 kcal·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹) for men and women during on-camp training (men = 48% and women = 39%) and was below guidelines during field exercise for women only (−27%). Energy and macronutrient intake during on-camp training centered around mealtimes with a discernible sleep/wake cycle for energy expenditure. During field exercise, energy and macronutrient intake were individually variable, and energy expenditure was high throughout the day and night. These findings could be used to inform evidenced-based interventions to change the amount and timing of energy and macronutrient intake around physical activity to optimize performance and adaptations during military training.

饮食摄入和身体活动会影响训练期间的表现和适应。本研究的目的是将英国陆军军官学员训练期间的能量和常量营养素摄入量与膳食指南进行比较，并描述能量和常量营养素摄入量的每日分布以及估计的能量消耗。13 名参与者（7 名女性）在 9 天的营地训练、5 天的野外演习和 9 天的混合训练的三个不同时期接受了监测。使用研究人员主导的食物称重和食物日记测量膳食摄入量，并通过腕戴式加速度计估计能量消耗。在营地训练（男性 = -16% 和女性 = -9%）、野外锻炼（男性 = -33% 和女性= -42%), 以及结合营地和野外训练（男性和女性均为 -34%）。男性和女性的碳水化合物摄入量低于指导值（6 g·kg^-1 ·day ^-1 ) 分别在野外锻炼（男性 = -18% 和女性 = -37%）和联合营地和野外训练（男性 = -33% 和女性 = -39%）期间。蛋白质摄入量高于指导标准（1.2 kcal·kg ^-1 ·day ^-1）在营地训练期间男性和女性（男性 = 48% 和女性 = 39%），并且仅在女性野外锻炼期间低于指南（-27%）。营地训练期间的能量和常量营养素摄入以进餐时间为中心，具有可识别的睡眠/唤醒周期以消耗能量。在野外运动期间，能量和常量营养素的摄入量各不相同，而且白天和晚上的能量消耗都很高。这些发现可用于为循证干预措施提供信息，以改变身体活动周围能量和常量营养素摄入的数量和时间，以优化军事训练期间的表现和适应。