The deep roots of racial bias embedded in organizational (e.g., policing) systems and practices have had disturbing consequences for Black people in the US. This paper responds to the call to reduce racial bias against Black individuals in organizations by examining the policing decisions employed by narcotic enforcement agents when operating under different agency-driven performance strategies for controlling crime. Applying a multilevel design that considers narcotic offenses that are nested within individuals, we analyze narcotic arrest reports for a 19-month period from a US metropolitan city. Guided by recent research and theory on racial bias in policing, we develop and test hypotheses to determine (a) whether racial bias exist in the severity of charges issued to offenders, (b) whether these biases are influenced by two key organizational risk factors (officer job discretion and the organizational performance strategies employed to control crime), and (c) whether bias driven by risk factors occurs in the form of more severe charges for Black offenders, less severe charges for White offenders, or both. Findings from our study suggest that Black males received more severe charges for the same gram-for-gram narcotic offense than White males. Moreover, our findings suggest Black offenders received more severe charges in jurisdictions with a crime focus and less severe charges in jurisdictions that practice deterrence focus policing; however, White offenders received less severe charges under a crime-focused approach. Our findings offer several implications for organizational sciences and practice.

深深植根于组织（例如警务）系统和实践中的种族偏见对美国的黑人造成了令人不安的后果。本文通过检查毒品执法人员在不同机构驱动的控制犯罪绩效策略下运作时所采用的警务决策，响应了减少组织中对黑人个人的种族偏见的呼吁。应用考虑嵌套在个人内部的麻醉品犯罪的多层次设计，我们分析了来自美国大城市的 19 个月期间的麻醉品逮捕报告。以最近关于警务中种族偏见的研究和理论为指导，我们制定和测试假设以确定（a）对罪犯提出的指控的严重程度是否存在种族偏见，(b) 这些偏见是否受到两个关键的组织风险因素（官员工作自由裁量权和用于控制犯罪的组织绩效策略）的影响，以及 (c) 由风险因素驱动的偏见是否以对黑人罪犯更严厉的指控的形式出现，对白人罪犯的指控较轻，或两者兼而有之。我们的研究结果表明，与白人男性相比，黑人男性因同样的克对克麻醉品犯罪而受到更严厉的指控。此外，我们的调查结果表明，黑人罪犯在以犯罪为重点的司法管辖区受到更严厉的指控，而在实施威慑重点警务的司法管辖区受到的指控较轻；然而，在以犯罪为中心的方法下，白人罪犯受到的指控较轻。我们的研究结果为组织科学和实践提供了一些启示。