Anthropogenic landscape modification which leads to the displacement of species, is arguably one of the most profound impacts on animal movement globally. In urban landscapes, animal movement is generally impacted by varying levels of increased urbanization. However, this is species dependent and is mostly guided by the surrounding habitat. Fragmentation and habitat patch isolation must be considered at scales appropriate to the study species. Using telemetry, we test these assumptions investigating movement patterns of flocks of Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus banksii naso; RTBC) between three regions: urban, peri-urban, and forest using GPS and satellite PTT. This species occurs at varying levels of urbanization, however, how this might affect its movements is largely unknown. We did not find evidence that RTBC movement was impaired in the urban region compared with peri-urban or forest regions. It found, however, a significant within-region variation in movement extent among flocks and across regions depending on foraging resource availability and location. Differences in daily movement distance (Av. 4.96 - 16.41 km) and home range size (6.02 - 52.57 km2) between urban flocks appeared to be associated with the proximity of green spaces as roosts and foraging sites, with roadside vegetation providing important foraging resources and movement corridors. Key urban habitats were predominantly located in public nature reserves and private properties, with roadside vegetation connecting these sites for RTBC. The findings of this study highlight that conservation management for this and many other threatened species should regard the urban landscape as a critical habitat for urban adapted species. This would include management of its green spaces with connectivity and offsets from roads in mind. Furthermore, future research should focus on identifying additional key habitat sites (resource selection) and species distribution modeling, which will facilitate an active and adaptive approach towards this species' conservation management.

中文翻译：

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城市景观中的森林专业物种：不同程度的城市化会影响森林红尾黑凤头鹦鹉（Calyptorhynchus banksii naso）的活动吗？

导致物种迁移的人为景观改造可以说是对全球动物运动的最深远影响之一。在城市景观中，动物运动通常受到不同程度的城市化进程的影响。然而，这取决于物种，并且主要受周围栖息地的指导。必须以适合研究物种的规模考虑碎片化和栖息地斑块隔离。使用遥测技术，我们使用 GPS 和卫星 PTT 测试这些假设，调查森林红尾黑凤头鹦鹉 (Calyptorhynchus bankii naso; RTBC) 在三个区域之间的运动模式：城市、郊区和森林。这个物种发生在不同程度的城市化中，然而，这可能如何影响它的运动在很大程度上是未知的。与城郊或森林地区相比，我们没有发现城市地区的 RTBC 运动受到损害的证据。然而，它发现，取决于觅食资源的可用性和位置，鸡群之间和跨区域的移动范围在区域内存在显着差异。城市群之间的每日移动距离（平均 4.96 - 16.41 公里）和栖息地大小（6.02 - 52.57 平方公里）的差异似乎与作为栖息地和觅食地点的绿地接近有关，路边植被提供重要的觅食资源和运动走廊。主要的城市栖息地主要位于公共自然保护区和私人财产中，路边植被将这些地点连接起来供 RTBC 使用。本研究的结果强调，该物种和许多其他受威胁物种的保护管理应将城市景观视为城市适应物种的重要栖息地。这将包括管理其绿色空间，并考虑到道路的连通性和偏移。此外，未来的研究应侧重于确定其他关键栖息地（资源选择）和物种分布模型，这将有助于对该物种的保护管理采取积极和适应性的方法。