With the rapid development of mariculture industry, the disposal of mariculture sludge (MS) has become a serious environmental problem. Despite MS containing abundant organic matter, there may be some risks following MS application in agricultural practice. Many studies focus on the effects of sewage sludge application on crops. The potential of MS application on the microbial ecosystem and the above ground rice growth has not been systematically analyzed. We used 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to investigate the effects of MS application on soil microbial community and the rice growth. Soil samples were collected during rice growth under a pot experiment comprised of three treatments: without sludge (CK), native soil: sludge = 20:1 (LS) and native soil: sludge = 10:1 (HS). Application of MS enhanced soil nutrient content, but a high level of soil pH and salinity remained in the initial phase. Soil microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activity were inhibited. The microbial diversity was decreased, including Chao1, Richness and Shannon index. Moreover, the specific bacterial taxa (Rhodobacteraceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Synergistales) were enhanced. The relative abundance of bacterial genes related to process of nitrification and denitrification were reduced, while the relative abundance of genes involved in N-fixation were increased. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) showed that soil pH and salinity were the dominant limiting factors during rice growth by indirectly affecting bacterial diversity. These findings strengthen the understanding of direct application of mariculture sludge in agriculture and provide a theoretical basis for resourceful utilizations of mariculture sludge.

随着海水养殖业的快速发展，海水养殖污泥（MS）的处理已成为严重的环境问题。尽管 MS 含有丰富的有机物，但在农业实践中应用 MS 可能存在一些风险。许多研究集中在污水污泥施用对农作物的影响。MS 对微生物生态系统和地上水稻生长的潜力尚未得到系统分析。我们使用 16S rDNA 高通量测序来研究 MS 应用对土壤微生物群落和水稻生长的影响。在水稻生长过程中收集土壤样品，盆栽实验包括三种处理：无污泥 (CK)、原生土壤：污泥 = 20:1 (LS) 和原生土壤：污泥 = 10:1 (HS)。应用 MS 提高土壤养分含量，但在初始阶段仍保持高水平的土壤 pH 值和盐度。土壤微生物量和胞外酶活性受到抑制。微生物多样性降低，包括Chao1、Richness和Shannon指数。此外，特定的细菌类群（红杆菌科、黄杆菌科和协同菌目）得到了增强。与硝化和反硝化过程相关的细菌基因相对丰度降低，而与固氮有关的基因相对丰度增加。偏最小二乘路径模型 (PLS-PM) 表明，土壤 pH 值和盐度是水稻生长过程中的主要限制因素，间接影响细菌多样性。