Tillage intensity may differently impact gaseous losses of C and N to the atmosphere, but data from long-term experiments are relatively few. Yet, this information is needed to better understand C and N losses and gains in agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to determine how tillage intensity affects soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes (CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄) by comparing experimental data from moldboard plow (MP), chisel plow (CP), double disk (DD), and no-till (NT) soils after 38–40 yr of management in a rainfed corn (Zea mays L.)- soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) cropping system. We also reviewed global literature to evaluate the impacts of tillage on soil GHG emissions. After 38–40 yr of management, CO₂ fluxes decreased in this order: MP > CP ≈ DD > NT, indicating that as tillage intensity decreased, CO₂ fluxes decreased. Indeed, daily CO₂ fluxes were typically lower under NT than under MP and CP. Similarly, the overall cumulative CO₂ fluxes across 26-mo of measurement were 1.4–1.8 times lower with NT than MP, CP, and DD soils. Also, MP soils had 1.3 times higher CO₂ fluxes than CP and DD soils. These results are similar to those from our global literature review of 60 studies on CO₂ fluxes. The reduction in CO₂ fluxes in NT was likely due to a combination of increased residue cover, reduced soil temperature (r = 0.71; n = 12; p < 0.001), and increased water content (r = −0.75; n = 12; p < 0.001). Daily N₂O and CH₄ fluxes were highly variable; and cumulative fluxes across the 26-mo study were unaffected by tillage, mirroring findings of our literature review of 37 papers on N₂O fluxes and 24 on CH₄ fluxes. Overall, based on the data from both the long-term experiment and literature review, NT appears to be the best option to reduce losses of CO₂ followed by reduced till (DD), but N₂O and CH₄ fluxes do not generally differ with tillage intensity.

耕作强度可能会不同地影响 C 和 N 向大气中的气体损失，但来自长期实验的数据相对较少。然而，需要这些信息来更好地了解农业系统中碳和氮的损失和收益。本研究的目的是通过比较来自犁板犁 (MP)、凿犁 (CP)、双圆盘的实验数据，确定耕作强度如何影响土壤温室气体 (GHG) 通量（CO ₂、N ₂ O 和 CH ₄ ） (DD) 和免耕 (NT) 土壤在雨育玉米 ( Zea mays L.)- 大豆 ( Glycine max(L.) Merr) 种植系统。我们还回顾了全球文献以评估耕作对土壤温室气体排放的影响。管理38-40年后，CO ₂通量依次降低：MP > CP ≈ DD > NT，说明随着耕作强度的降低，CO ₂通量下降。实际上，NT 下的每日 CO ₂通量通常低于 MP 和 CP 下。同样，在 26 个月的测量过程中，NT 的总累积 CO ₂通量比 MP、CP 和 DD 土壤低 1.4-1.8 倍。_{此外，MP 土壤的 CO 2}通量是 CP 和 DD 土壤的 1.3 倍。这些结果与我们对 60 项 CO ₂通量研究的全球文献回顾得出的结果相似。CO _2的减少NT 的通量可能是由于残渣覆盖增加、土壤温度降低（r = 0.71；n = 12；p  < 0.001）和含水量增加（r = -0.75；n = 12；p  < 0.001）的组合。每日 N ₂ O 和 CH ₄通量变化很大；整个 26 个月研究中的累积通量和累积通量不受耕作的影响，这与我们对 37 篇关于 N ₂ O 通量和 24 篇关于 CH ₄通量的论文的文献回顾的结果一致。总体而言，根据长期实验和文献回顾的数据，NT 似乎是减少 CO ₂损失的最佳选择，其次是减少耕作 (DD)，但 N ₂ O 和 CH ₄通量一般不随耕作强度而变化。