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Socio-Legal Aspects of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Survivors’ Victimization in Kosovo1
Peace Review Pub Date : 2022-03-15 , DOI: 10.1080/10402659.2022.2048178
Jiří Němec

In Kosovo, violence against women is both a ground for and a result of socialized norms of victimization. Men socialize violent and toxic behavior toward women from a young age, and when they commit sexual and gender-based violence, victimizing norms are reinforced by the state structure during judicial processes, casting survivors back into the circle of maltreatment. Lack of conceptual understanding, violence relativization, and victim-blaming are components of structural violence perpetrated by the police, prosecutors, and judges when addressing sexual and gender-based offenses. Available research suggests that the majority of femicides are preceded by domestic abuse or intimate partner violence; thus, when gender-discriminatory norms are socialized both among people and institutions, and when socio-legal impunity is the norm, survivors of sexual and gender-based violence are exposed to an in-time developing spiral of violence. This spiral is determined by the constructivist relation of interdependence between agents – here individual people, the sum of whom constitutes society – and the state’s structure – here the politico-legal institutions of the police, prosecution, and judiciary. Agents and structure, on the one hand, continuously reinforce the socialization of various types of violence against women within society, and on the other hand, they are only the ones who can interrupt the spiral. I argue that Kosovo’s current state of affairs favors reinforcement over interruption.



中文翻译:

科索沃性暴力和基于性别的暴力幸存者受害的社会法律方面1

在科索沃,对妇女的暴力行为既是受害社会化规范的基础,也是其结果。男性从小就将针对女性的暴力和有毒行为社会化,当他们实施性暴力和基于性别的暴力时,受害规范在司法程序中被国家结构强化,使幸存者重新陷入虐待圈子。缺乏概念理解、暴力相对化和指责受害者是警察、检察官和法官在处理性犯罪和基于性别的犯罪时实施的结构性暴力的组成部分。现有研究表明,大多数杀害女性之前都是家庭虐待或亲密伴侣暴力;因此,当性别歧视规范在人和机构之间社会化,并且当社会法律有罪不罚成为规范时,性暴力和基于性别的暴力的幸存者暴露在及时发展的暴力漩涡之中。这种螺旋是由代理人之间相互依存的建构主义关系决定的——这里是个人,他们的总和构成了社会——以及国家的结构——这里是警察、检察和司法机构的政治-法律机构。代理人和结构,一方面不断强化社会中对妇女的各种暴力行为的社会化,另一方面,只有他们才能打断这种恶性循环。我认为科索沃目前的事态有利于加强而不是中断。这种螺旋是由代理人之间相互依存的建构主义关系决定的——这里是个人,他们的总和构成了社会——以及国家的结构——这里是警察、检察和司法机构的政治-法律机构。代理人和结构,一方面不断强化社会中对妇女的各种暴力行为的社会化,另一方面,只有他们才能打断这种恶性循环。我认为科索沃目前的事态有利于加强而不是中断。这种螺旋是由代理人之间相互依存的建构主义关系决定的——这里是个人,他们的总和构成了社会——以及国家的结构——这里是警察、检察和司法机构的政治-法律机构。代理人和结构,一方面不断强化社会中对妇女的各种暴力行为的社会化,另一方面,只有他们才能打断这种恶性循环。我认为科索沃目前的事态有利于加强而不是中断。不断强化社会对各种形式的针对妇女的暴力行为的社会化,而另一方面,也只有她们才能打断这种恶性循环。我认为科索沃目前的事态有利于加强而不是中断。不断强化社会对各种形式的针对妇女的暴力行为的社会化,而另一方面,也只有她们才能打断这种恶性循环。我认为科索沃目前的事态有利于加强而不是中断。

更新日期:2022-03-15
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