Pathologic myopia is a severe form of myopia that can lead to permanent visual impairment. The recent global increase in the prevalence of myopia has been projected to lead to a higher incidence of pathologic myopia in the future. Thus, imaging myopic eyes to detect early pathological changes, or predict myopia progression to allow for early intervention, has become a key priority. Recent advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT) have contributed to the new grading system for myopic maculopathy and myopic traction maculopathy, which may improve phenotyping and thus, clinical management. Widefield fundus and OCT imaging has improved the detection of posterior staphyloma. Non-invasive OCT angiography has enabled depth-resolved imaging for myopic choroidal neovascularisation. Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown great performance in detecting pathologic myopia and the identification of myopia-associated complications. These advances in imaging with adjunctive AI analysis may lead to improvements in monitoring disease progression or guiding treatments. In this review, we provide an update on the classification of pathologic myopia, how imaging has improved clinical evaluation and management of myopia-associated complications, and the recent development of AI algorithms to aid the detection and classification of pathologic myopia.

中文翻译：

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病理性近视：影像学进展和人工智能的潜在作用

病理性近视是一种严重的近视形式，可导致永久性视力障碍。最近全球近视患病率的增加预计将导致未来病理性近视的发病率更高。因此，对近视眼进行成像以检测早期病理变化或预测近视进展以进行早期干预已成为关键优先事项。光学相干断层扫描 (OCT) 的最新进展促成了近视性黄斑病和近视牵拉性黄斑病的新分级系统，这可能会改善表型分析，从而改善临床管理。宽视野眼底和 OCT 成像改进了后葡萄肿的检测。非侵入性 OCT 血管造影术使近视脉络膜新生血管的深度分辨成像成为可能。人工智能 (AI) 在检测病理性近视和识别近视相关并发症方面表现出色。这些带有辅助 AI 分析的成像技术的进步可能会改善监测疾病进展或指导治疗。在这篇综述中，我们提供了病理性近视分类的最新情况、影像学如何改善近视相关并发症的临床评估和管理，以及人工智能算法的最新发展以帮助检测和分类病理性近视。