BACKGROUND Polysubstance use is a common, problematic behavior that increases risk of harm to self and others. Research suggests that rates may vary based on gender, sex and sexuality. Understanding the current state of this literature may inform prevention and treatment of polysubstance use, leading to reduced public health burden. OBJECTIVES This review aimed to synthesize research on gender, sex and sexuality differences in polysubstance use in adults and adolescents. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using all EBSCO databases, PubMed and Google Scholar to identify articles examining the effects of gender, sex and sexuality on polysubstance use. Polysubstance use was defined broadly as the use of any combination of substances over any time period and included licit (alcohol, tobacco) and illicit substances, concurrent and simultaneous use, from lifetime to daily use and use at any frequency. Studies were considered if they were published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1990 and October 2020 and were written in English. Publicly available data sources were also utilized to fully capture prevalence data that has not been published elsewhere. RESULTS Findings were mostly inconsistent and often conflicting. Only two findings were generally consistent: adult men were overall more likely to report polysubstance use than adult women, and sexual and gender minorities report more frequent polysubstance use than non-minorities. CONCLUSIONS Research has been unable to clearly elucidate differences in polysubstance use prevalence and patterns according to gender, sex and sexuality. Several recommendations are offered to advance future research and address limitations of current research.

中文翻译：

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青少年和成人使用多种物质的性别、性别和性差异的范围审查。

背景 多物质使用是一种常见的有问题的行为，会增加对自己和他人造成伤害的风险。研究表明，费率可能因性别、性别和性取向而异。了解这些文献的现状可以为预防和治疗多种物质的使用提供信息，从而减少公共卫生负担。目的 本综述旨在综合有关成人和青少年使用多种物质的性别、性别和性取向差异的研究。方法 使用所有 EBSCO 数据库、PubMed 和 Google Scholar 进行范围审查，以确定研究性别、性和性对多物质使用的影响的文章。多种物质的使用被广义地定义为在任何时期使用任何物质的组合，包括合法（酒精、烟草）和非法物质，并发和同时使用，从生命周期到日常使用，并以任何频率使用。如果研究在 1990 年 1 月至 2020 年 10 月期间在同行评审的期刊上发表并以英文撰写，则被考虑。还利用了公开可用的数据源来充分捕获尚未在其他地方发布的流行数据。结果 调查结果大多不一致，而且经常相互矛盾。只有两个结果大体一致：成年男性总体上比成年女性更可能报告使用多种物质，性少数和性别少数群体报告使用多种物质比非少数群体更频繁。结论 研究无法根据性别、性别和性取向明确阐明多种物质使用流行率和模式的差异。