In our greenhouse experiment, soil heat treatment groups (50, 80, and 121°C) significantly promote growth and disease suppression of Panax notoginseng in consecutively cultivated soil (CCS) samples (p < 0.01), and 80°C is better than those at 50°C and 121°C (p < 0.01). Furthermore, we found that heat treatment at 80°C changes the microbial diversity in CCS, and the inhibition ratios of culturable microorganisms, such as fungi and actinomycetes, were nearly 0%. However, the heat-tolerant bacterial community were preserved. The 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing analyses indicated that the soil heat treatment had a greater effect on the Chao1 index and Shannon's diversity index of bacteria than fungi, and the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly higher than without heating (80 and 121°C, p < 0.05). Soil probiotic bacteria, such as Bacillus (67%), Sporosarcina (9%), Paenibacillus (6%), Paenisporosarcina (6%), and Cohnella (4%), remained in the soil after the 80°C and 121°C heat treatments. Although steam increased the relative abundances of most of the heat-tolerant microbes before sowing, richness and diversity gradually recover to the level of CCS, regardless of fungi or bacteria, after replanting. Thus, we added the heat-tolerant microbe (such as Bacillus) after steaming, which reduced the relative abundance of pathogens and recruited antagonistic bacteria, and provided a long-term protective effect compared to the steaming and Bacillus alone (p < 0.05). Taken together, the current study provided novel insight into sustainable agriculture in consecutively cultivated system.

中文翻译：

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适当的土壤热处理通过干扰细菌群落促进三七的生长和疾病抑制。

在我们的温室实验中，土壤热处理组（50、80 和 121°C）显着促进连续栽培土壤 (CCS) 样品中三七的生长和疾病抑制 ( p < 0.01)，80°C 优于那些在 50°C 和 121°C ( p< 0.01)。此外，我们发现 80°C 的热处理会改变 CCS 中的微生物多样性，真菌和放线菌等可培养微生物的抑制率接近 0%。然而，耐热细菌群落得以保留。16S rRNA基因和内部转录间隔区（ITS）测序分析表明，土壤热处理对细菌的Chao1指数和Shannon多样性指数的影响大于真菌，厚壁菌门和变形菌门的相对丰度显着高于未加热（80 和 121°C，p < 0.05）。土壤益生菌，如芽孢杆菌(67%)、孢子八叠球菌(9%)、类芽孢杆菌(6%)、类孢子八叠球菌(6%) 和Cohnella (4%) 在 80°C 和 121°C 热处理后仍留在土壤中。虽然蒸汽在播种前增加了大多数耐热微生物的相对丰度，但在重新种植后，无论是真菌还是细菌，丰富度和多样性都逐渐恢复到 CCS 的水平。因此，我们在蒸煮后添加了耐热微生物（如芽孢杆菌），这降低了病原体的相对丰度并招募了拮抗菌，与单独的蒸煮和芽孢杆菌相比提供了长期的保护作用（ p < 0.05）。总而言之，当前的研究为连续栽培系统中的可持续农业提供了新的见解。