Early-life adversity is a major risk factor for psychopathology, but not all who experience adversity develop psychopathology. The current study evaluated whether the links between child and adolescent adversity and depression and anxiety were described by general benefits and/or buffering effects of interpersonal support. Data from 456 adolescents oversampled on neuroticism over a 5-year period were examined in a series of discrete-time survival analyses to predict subsequent disorder onsets. Models examined linear, quadratic, and interactive effects of interpersonal support over time, as measured by chronic interpersonal stress interview ratings. Results did not support buffering effects of interpersonal support against either child or adolescent adversity in predicting depression or anxiety. However, there was support for the general benefits model of interpersonal support as evidenced by follow-up analyses of significant quadratic effects of interpersonal support, demonstrating that higher interpersonal support led to decreased likelihood of depression and anxiety onsets. Secondary analyses demonstrated that effects of interpersonal support remained after accounting for baseline depression and anxiety diagnoses. Further, quadratic effects were driven by social domains as opposed to familial domains when considering child adversity. Implications for interventions and randomized controlled prevention trials regarding interpersonal relationships are discussed.

早年的逆境是精神病理学的主要危险因素，但并非所有经历逆境的人都会患上精神病理学。当前的研究评估了儿童和青少年逆境与抑郁和焦虑之间的联系是否可以通过一般益处和/或人际支持的缓冲作用。通过一系列离散时间生存分析对 456 名青少年在 5 年期间的神经质问题进行过采样数据进行检查，以预测随后的疾病发作。模型检查了人际支持随时间的线性、二次和交互效应，通过长期人际压力访谈评级来衡量。结果并不支持人际支持对儿童或青少年逆境在预测抑郁或焦虑方面的缓冲作用。然而，对人际支持的显着二次效应的后续分析证明，人际支持的一般效益模型得到了支持，表明更高的人际支持导致抑郁和焦虑发作的可能性降低。二次分析表明，在考虑基线抑郁和焦虑诊断后，人际支持的影响仍然存在。此外，在考虑儿童逆境时，二次效应是由社会领域而不是家庭领域驱动的。讨论了有关人际关系的干预措施和随机对照预防试验的意义。