Turbidity monitoring in shallow coastal waters is fundamental to marine ecosystem research, management and protection. Satellite-based water turbidity monitoring can be conducted at a greater spatial extent and higher temporal frequency than field measurements. The new Planet Dove satellite constellation has a daily revisit frequency and higher spatial resolution than Sentinel or Landsat satellites, allowing Planet Dove to track water turbidity dynamics in greater detail when suitable atmospheric correction is provided. We developed a new shallow coastal water turbidity estimation algorithm for Planet Dove and similar multi-spectral satellites. Our algorithm accounts for bottom reflectance in total water-leaving radiance to derive turbidity values in shallow coastal waters. We tested the algorithm with data from 235 Dove satellite images at five sites with different water conditions (Pelekane Bay, Big Island, Hawai‘i; Hilo Bay, Big Island, Hawai‘i; Kilo Nalu and Ala Wai, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i; Fagatele Bay, American Samoa; Vieques Island, Puerto Rico). We then validated satellite-derived turbidity results (RMSE = 0.79–1.12 FNU [Formazin Nephelometric Unit]) using 75 days of field-measured data, ranging in turbidity from 0.1 to 11.6 FNU in the five sites. Results show that our algorithm accurately detects turbidity in critical nearshore environments. In Hawai‘i, we used ~6700 Dove images to support a weekly turbidity monitoring study at a large geographic scale. We found this new, shallow-water algorithm can be effectively applied to Dove satellite data to monitor water turbidity at high temporal resolution.

中文翻译：

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使用 Planet Dove 卫星监测浅海沿岸水浊度

浅海水域的浊度监测是海洋生态系统研究、管理和保护的基础。与现场测量相比，基于卫星的水浊度监测可以在更大的空间范围和更高的时间频率下进行。与 Sentinel 或 Landsat 卫星相比，新的 Planet Dove 卫星星座具有每日重访频率和更高的空间分辨率，当提供适当的大气校正时，Planet Dove 可以更详细地跟踪水浊度动态。我们为 Planet Dove 和类似的多光谱卫星开发了一种新的浅滩水浊度估计算法。我们的算法考虑了总出水辐射中的底部反射率，以得出浅海沿岸水域的浊度值。我们使用来自 235 张 Dove 卫星图像的数据对算法进行了测试，这些数据来自五个不同水域条件的地点（Pelekane Bay，Big Island，Hawai'i；Hilo Bay，Big Island，Hawai'i；Kilo Nalu 和 Ala Wai，O'ahu，Hawai 'i；美属萨摩亚法加特尔湾；波多黎各别克斯岛）。然后，我们使用 75 天的现场测量数据验证了卫星衍生的浊度结果（RMSE = 0.79–1.12 FNU [Formazin Nephelometric Unit]），五个站点的浊度范围为 0.1 到 11.6 FNU。结果表明，我们的算法准确地检测了关键近岸环境中的浊度。在夏威夷，我们使用了约 6700 张 Dove 图像来支持在大地理范围内进行的每周浊度监测研究。我们发现这种新的浅水算法可以有效地应用于 Dove 卫星数据，以高时间分辨率监测水浊度。