ABSTRACT

Genus Garcinia shows high diversity of sexual systems; most of them are dioecious in nature. The other reported sexual systems of Garcinia include gynodioecious, androdioecious, monoecious, and andromonoecious. Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy was reported as facultative apomictic polygamodioecious species. There is a large diversity in floral types. Hence, a detailed study of various floral types found on different types of plants of G. indica and to correlate its functionality with sexual reproduction was undertaken. The study at Kokum Plot, BSSKVV, Dapoli, revealed that the male plants could be categorized into four types – androecious, functional males, andromonoecious, and hermaphrodites. The female plants displayed large variation in number and viability of stamens/staminodes. Each category showed significant difference in phenology, floral morphology and pollen types. In December, the percentage of staminate flowers (79.13 ± 2.93%) in androecious trees was significantly higher than functional males (58.61 ± 8.60%) or andromonoecious trees (56.36 ± 2.77%) (p ≤ .01). As female plants started flowering, all male morphotypes bore significantly higher numbers of staminate flowers and carpellate flowers were significantly reduced. Pollen viability was highest in androecious flowers at 90.11 ± 1.10% and lowest at 64.70 ± 2.09% in hermaphrodite trees. Earlier studies reported female flowers bore well-developed female gametophyte, but the embryo development was not observed. Thus, the fruit formation might be apomictic, but in present embryological investigation; more than 60% of female and andromonoecious flowers, a well-developed embryo was formed between 8 and 24 h after anthesis. Thus, the embryo formation might be sexual or apomictic. Floral types favoring sexual reproduction are essential for conservation of highly endemic species.

摘要

藤黄属显示出高度的性系统多样性；它们中的大多数本质上是雌雄异株的。其他报道的藤黄属植物性系统包括雌雄异体、雌雄异体、雌雄异体和雌雄异体。Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy 被报道为兼性无融合生殖的多配偶种。花型有很大的多样性。因此，详细研究了在不同类型的籼稻植物上发现的各种花型并将其功能与有性生殖联系起来。Kokum Plot, BSSKVV, Dapoli 的研究表明，雄性植物可分为四种类型——雄性、功能性雄性、雌雄同体和雌雄同体。雌性植物在雄蕊/退化雄蕊的数量和活力方面表现出很大的差异。各类别在物候、花形和花粉类型上均表现出显着差异。12月，雄株雄蕊花的比例（79.13±2.93%）显着高于功能雄株（58.61±8.60%）或雄雌株（56.36±2.77%）（p≤0.01）。随着雌性植物开始开花，所有雄性形态型的雄蕊花数量显着增加，心皮花显着减少。花粉活力在雄性花中最高，为 90.11 ± 1.10%，在雌雄同体树中最低，为 64.70 ± 2.09%。早期的研究报道雌花具有发育良好的雌配子体，但未观察到胚胎发育。因此，果实的形成可能是无生殖的，但在目前的胚胎学研究中；60%以上的雌花和雄花，开花后8-24小时形成发育良好的胚。因此，胚胎形成可能是有性的或无生殖的。有利于有性繁殖的花卉类型对于保护高度特有物种至关重要。但在目前的胚胎学研究中；60%以上的雌花和雄花，开花后8-24小时形成发育良好的胚。因此，胚胎形成可能是有性的或无生殖的。有利于有性繁殖的花卉类型对于保护高度特有物种至关重要。但在目前的胚胎学研究中；60%以上的雌花和雄花，开花后8-24小时形成发育良好的胚。因此，胚胎形成可能是有性的或无生殖的。有利于有性繁殖的花卉类型对于保护高度特有物种至关重要。