ABSTRACT

Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is one of the components used in antifouling paints and can be an alternative to classical toxic chemicals such as organotin. However, there is still remarkable concern about the environmental safeness of ZnPT due to rapid transchelation and degradation into several metabolites that have their own toxicity. The effect after acute exposure of ZnPT is investigated on Mediterranean mussels exposed to 20 and 40 μg/L concentrations for 48 and 96 h and antioxidant responses [superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH)], genotoxicity [micronuclei (MN) frequency], apoptotic and histological changes were determined. Severe histological changes in hepatopancreas and gill tissues of mussels were observed in ZnPT exposed groups due to dose-dependent increase. ZnPT also caused a dose-dependent increase of TUNEL-positive cell count in the mussel tissues, especially in the hepatopancreas. Increasing in SOD activities and decreasing in GSH levels in both ZnPT concentrations compared to the control were observed. MN and binuclei numbers in all exposure groups were significantly increased. The results of the present study demonstrate that acute exposure to ZnPT could cause an adverse effect on mussel tissues at especially higher concentrations.

摘要

吡啶硫酮锌 (ZnPT) 是防污涂料中使用的成分之一，可以替代有机锡等经典有毒化学品。然而，由于 ZnPT 的快速转螯合和降解成几种具有自身毒性的代谢物，因此人们仍然对 ZnPT 的环境安全性感到担忧。研究了急性接触 ZnPT 后对地中海贻贝在 20 和 40 μg/L 浓度下 48 和 96 小时的影响以及抗氧化反应 [超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)]、遗传毒性 [微核 (MN)频率]，确定细胞凋亡和组织学变化。由于剂量依赖性增加，在 ZnPT 暴露组中观察到贻贝的肝胰腺和鳃组织的严重组织学变化。ZnPT 还引起贻贝组织中 TUNEL 阳性细胞计数的剂量依赖性增加，特别是在肝胰腺中。与对照相比，观察到两种 ZnPT 浓度的 SOD 活性增加和 GSH 水平降低。所有暴露组中的 MN 和双核数量均显着增加。本研究的结果表明，急性暴露于 ZnPT 会对贻贝组织造成特别高浓度的不利影响。