The shrimp farming industry is receiving increasing attention globally. However, extending the frontiers of the industry has been a challenge as high stocking density often increases susceptibility to diseases and compromises shrimp quality. There has been a huge adoption of bacterial-derived additives in recent decades, particularly in Asia. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the modulatory effect of these functional additives on the animal gut microbiota composition, thus making them potential alternatives to antibiotics in controlling infectious diseases, such as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). These functional additives could be introduced in various forms, such as probiotics, synbiotics, paraprobiotics, and postbiotics. This article aims to critically review previous studies that investigated the effects of these bacterial derivatives, particularly on shrimp species. The surge of research in recent years indirectly attested to the immense potentialities of these functional additives. Generally, the introduction of bacterial derivatives not only helped in disease control but also demonstrated encouraging outcomes, including better survival rate, immune enhancement, and growth promotion effects. It is interesting to note that the effectiveness of probiotics extended beyond the viability of the bacteria, thus leading to concepts such as paraprobiotics and postbiotics. Although this is a relatively new research area with limited information, this review aims to consolidate available data and provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of this research arena. The challenges in each research domain were also discussed towards the end of this review to provide insights into potential future research niches.

中文翻译：

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利用益生菌、益生元、合生元、副益生菌和后生元的潜力进行养虾

养虾业在全球范围内受到越来越多的关注。然而，扩大该行业的前沿一直是一项挑战，因为高放养密度通常会增加对疾病的易感性并损害虾的质量。近几十年来，特别是在亚洲，大量采用了细菌衍生添加剂。越来越多的证据表明这些功能性添加剂对动物肠道微生物群组成的调节作用，从而使其成为抗生素在控制传染病（如急性肝胰腺坏死病（AHPND））方面的潜在替代品。这些功能性添加剂可以以各种形式引入，例如益生菌、合生元、副益生菌和后生元。本文旨在批判性地回顾以往研究这些细菌衍生物的影响的研究，特别是对虾类的影响。近年来研究的激增间接证明了这些功能性添加剂的巨大潜力。一般来说，细菌衍生物的引入不仅有助于疾病控制，而且表现出令人鼓舞的结果，包括更好的存活率、免疫增强和生长促进作用。有趣的是，益生菌的有效性超出了细菌的生存能力，因此产生了副益生菌和后生元等概念。虽然这是一个相对较新的研究领域，信息有限，本次审查旨在整合可用数据并提供对该研究领域最新技术的全面概述。在本次审查结束时还讨论了每个研究领域的挑战，以提供对未来潜在研究领域的见解。