Macroalgal cultivation is expanding rapidly, and promises to contribute significantly towards future food and energy security, sustainable livelihoods, ecosystem services and habitat provisioning for a range of associated organisms globally. Habitat provisioning underpins biodiversity and ecosystem structure and functioning, supports many ecosystem services and has possible benefits to other marine industries, including enhancement of commercial fish stocks. In macroalgal cultivation, however, only recently has habitat provisioning started to be assessed at a local scale (within a farm's footprint) and with a range of different approaches. This review evaluates techniques used to quantify habitat provisioning in and around macroalgal cultivation sites, for species ranging from microorganisms to megafauna, and outlines recommendations to enable a more comprehensive ecological valuation of macroalgal cultivation in the future. The majority of information on biodiversity associated with macroalgal cultivation is associated with quantifying biofouling or pest organisms, rather than the contribution of colonising species to healthy ecosystem functioning. We suggest how better monitoring of macroalgal cultivation could enable an ecosystem approach to aquaculture (EAA) in the future. To achieve this, we highlight the need for standardised and robust methods for quantifying habitat provisioning that will enable assessment and monitoring of macroalgal cultivation sites of varying scales and within different regions and environmental settings. Increased evidence for the potential habitat value of macroalgal cultivation sites will help inform and shape marine legislation, licencing and certification for macroalgal farmers and potentially reduce marine user conflicts, helping the industry to continue to grow sustainably using EAA.

中文翻译：

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量化大型藻类养殖场的栖息地供应

大型藻类养殖正在迅速扩大，并有望为全球一系列相关生物的未来粮食和能源安全、可持续生计、生态系统服务和栖息地提供做出重大贡献。栖息地供应是生物多样性和生态系统结构和功能的基础，支持许多生态系统服务，并可能对其他海洋产业带来好处，包括增加商业鱼类资源。然而，在大型藻类养殖中，直到最近才开始在当地范围内（在农场的足迹内）评估栖息地供应，并采用一系列不同的方法。这篇综述评估了用于量化大型藻类养殖场内外栖息地供应的技术，包括从微生物到巨型动物的物种，并概述了未来对大型藻类养殖进行更全面的生态评估的建议。大多数与大型藻类养殖相关的生物多样性信息都与量化生物污染或害虫有机体有关，而不是与定殖物种对健康生态系统功能的贡献有关。我们建议如何更好地监测大型藻类养殖，以便在未来采用生态系统方法进行水产养殖 (EAA)。为实现这一目标，我们强调需要标准化和稳健的方法来量化栖息地供应，从而能够评估和监测不同规模、不同区域和环境环境内的大型藻类养殖地点。