Immigrant incorporation in cities is often explained using the theories of spatial and segmented assimilation, which differ, among other things, in their approach to the spatial aspects of incorporation. However, empirical evidence about immigrant spatial incorporation from both theories is ambiguous, since most case studies focus on a single location and a limited number of immigrant groups, which hampers their external validity. Nonetheless, the level of immigrant spatial incorporation depends heavily on the characteristics of immigrant groups, the destination context, and the interplay between them. Therefore, we compared the spatial incorporation of 143 immigrant groups in Sydney, 54 in Barcelona, and 95 in Prague. These three cities differ greatly in their immigration histories, since each represents a different stage of the migration cycle. By employing both traditional and advanced quantitative methods, we show that immigrant spatial incorporation patterns vary considerably across groups and destination cities, with cultural proximity and the maturity of the immigration system among the key determinants. These findings imply that geographical context has a substantial potential to affect the immigrant spatial incorporation.

城市中的移民融入通常使用空间和分段同化理论来解释，除其他外，它们在融入空间方面的方法上有所不同。然而，两种理论中关于移民空间融合的经验证据都是模棱两可的，因为大多数案例研究都集中在一个地点和有限数量的移民群体上，这阻碍了它们的外部有效性。尽管如此，移民空间融合的水平在很大程度上取决于移民群体的特征、目的地背景以及它们之间的相互作用。因此，我们比较了悉尼 143 个移民群体、巴塞罗那 54 个移民群体和布拉格 95 个移民群体的空间融合度。这三个城市的移民历史差异很大，因为每个城市都代表移民周期的不同阶段。通过采用传统和先进的定量方法，我们表明移民空间融入模式在不同群体和目的地城市之间存在很大差异，文化接近度和移民系统的成熟度是关键决定因素。这些发现表明，地理环境有很大的潜力影响移民的空间融入。