Research has found associations between intercollegiate athletics and risk for sexual violence, and that sexual violence is more pervasive at colleges and universities with National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletic programs, relative to NCAA Division II, NCAA Division III and no athletic programs. Simultaneously, sports involvement is linked with prosocial values and there are documented developmental benefits of sports participation. College athletic programs hold promise for fostering sexual violence prevention but there is limited knowledge about how student-athletes conceptualize sexual violence and how athletes, coaches, and administrators perceive available prevention and response programs. We conducted seven Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 21 In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) with student-athletes, athletic directors, and coaches from public university Division I (n = 2) and Division II (n = 1) campuses. We assessed perceptions of sexual violence, knowledge and opinions of available prevention and response programs, and sought input on how to bridge gaps in campus sexual violence policies. Student-athletes associated sexual violence with alcohol in their relationships with peers and asymmetrical power dynamics in relationships with coaches and faculty. Athletes felt strong connections with teammates and sports programs but isolated from the larger campus. This created barriers to students’ use of services and the likelihood of reporting sexual violence. Athletes felt the mandatory sexual violence prevention training, including additional NCAA components, were ineffective and offered to protect the university and its athletic programs from legal complications or cultural ridicule. Athletic staff were aware of policies and programs for reporting and referring sexual violence cases but their knowledge on how these served students was limited. Student-athletes were uncomfortable disclosing information regarding relationships and sexual violence to coaches and preferred peer–led prevention approaches.

研究发现校际体育运动与性暴力风险之间存在关联，相对于 NCAA 二级、NCAA 三级和没有体育项目，性暴力在拥有全国大学体育协会 (NCAA) 一级体育项目的高校中更为普遍. 同时，体育参与与亲社会价值观相关联，而且体育参与对发展的益处已被证实。大学体育项目有望促进性暴力预防，但关于学生运动员如何概念化性暴力以及运动员、教练和管理人员如何看待可用的预防和应对项目的知识有限。我们与学生运动员、体育总监、n = 2) 和二级 ( n= 1) 校园。我们评估了对性暴力的看法、现有预防和应对计划的知识和意见，并就如何弥合校园性暴力政策的差距寻求意见。学生运动员在与同龄人的关系中将性暴力与酒精联系起来，在与教练和教师的关系中将不对称的权力动态联系起来。运动员感觉与队友和体育项目有很强的联系，但与更大的校园隔离。这给学生使用服务和举报性暴力的可能性造成了障碍。运动员认为强制性的性暴力预防培训，包括额外的 NCAA 内容，是无效的，并提供保护大学及其体育项目免受法律并发症或文化嘲笑。体育工作人员了解报告和转介性暴力案件的政策和计划，但他们对这些如何为学生服务的知识有限。学生运动员不愿意向教练透露有关人际关系和性暴力的信息，并且更喜欢以同伴为主导的预防方法。