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Effects of different amino acid levels and a carvacrol–thymol blend on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology ( IF 7 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-08 , DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00674-7
Yanan Wang 1 , Zhipeng Yang 1 , Yuanfei Zhou 1 , Jiajian Tan 2 , Haiqing Sun 2 , Defa Sun 3 , Yuyun Mu 3 , Jian Peng 1, 4 , Hongkui Wei 1, 4
Affiliation  

Over the past years, antibiotic growth promoter had been restricted in animal husbandry production in many countries because of antimicrobial resistance and foodborne antibiotic residues. However, the problems of poor intestinal health and low growth efficiency of piglets have not been solved completely in an antibiotic-free diet, and it is urgent to explore alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters. Here, a total of 532 weaned pigs were assigned to one of 4 treatments, the low amino acid (AA) level diet (d 1 to d 14 is 1.35%, d 15 to d 42 is 1.25%) (Low AA), the low AA level diet supplementation with a carvacrol–thymol blend (50 mg carvacrol and 50 mg thymol/kg of diet) (CB) (Low AA+CB), the high AA level diet (d 1 to d 14 is 1.50%, d 15 to d 42 is 1.40%) (High AA), and the high AA level diet supplementation with a CB (High AA+CB), respectively. Then we measured growth performance and intestinal health indicators of weaned pigs. Results showed that high AA level significantly reduced plasma urea nitrogen, plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fecal lipocalin-2 contents (P < 0.05), significantly increased the relative abundance of fecal Lactobacillus and Enterococcus, and had a trend to increase the fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and mucin 2 (MUC 2) contents (P < 0.05) in piglets, thereby alleviating the diarrhea of piglets and reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of piglets during d 1~14 after weaning. Dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the activity of plasma antioxidant enzymes T-SOD and GSH-px (P < 0.05), while significantly reduced plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma interleukin-1β (IL-1β), plasma endotoxin and D-lactic acid contents (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, CB significantly decreased fecal lipocalin-2 contents and the abundance of fecal Escherichia coli (P < 0.05). Thus, we hypothesis that dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) of piglets (P < 0.05) during d 1~14 after weaning through promoting intestinal health. These results suggest that high AA level and dietary supplementation with CB improved the growth performance of weaned pigs in an antibiotic-free diet by improving AA metabolism and intestinal antioxidant capacity.

中文翻译:

不同氨基酸水平和香芹酚-百里酚混合物对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响

过去几年,由于抗菌素耐药性和食源性抗生素残留,许多国家的畜牧业生产中限制使用抗生素促生长剂。然而,在无抗生素日粮中,仔猪肠道健康不佳和生长效率低的问题并没有完全解决,迫切需要探索抗菌促生长剂的替代品。在这里,共有 532 头断奶仔猪被分配到 4 种处理中的一种,即低氨基酸 (AA) 水平日粮(第 1 天至第 14 天为 1.35%,第 15 天至第 42 天为 1.25%)(低 AA),用香芹酚-百里酚混合物(50 mg 香芹酚和 50 mg 麝香草酚/kg 饮食)补充低 AA 水平饮食(CB)(低 AA+CB),高 AA 水平饮食(第 1 天至第 14 天为 1.50%,d 15 至 42 天为 1.40%)(高 AA),以及用 CB 补充高 AA 水平的饮食(高 AA+CB),分别。然后我们测量了断奶猪的生长性能和肠道健康指标。结果表明,高AA水平显着降低血浆尿素氮、血浆白细胞介素6(IL-6)和粪便脂质运载蛋白2含量(P < 0.05),显着增加粪便乳酸杆菌和肠球菌的相对丰度,并有增加的趋势。断奶后1~14d仔猪粪便分泌免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)和粘蛋白2(MUC 2)含量(P < 0.05),从而缓解仔猪腹泻,降低仔猪饲料转化率(FCR)。膳食补充 CB 显着增加血浆抗氧化酶 T-SOD 和 GSH-px 的活性(P < 0.05),同时显着降低血浆丙二醛(MDA)、血浆白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、血浆内毒素和D-乳酸含量(P < 0.05)。同时,CB显着降低粪便lipocalin-2含量和粪便大肠杆菌丰度(P < 0.05)。因此,我们假设日粮中添加 CB 通过促进肠道健康显着增加断奶后 1~14 d 仔猪的平均日增重 (ADG) (P < 0.05)。这些结果表明,高 AA 水平和日粮添加 CB 通过改善 AA 代谢和肠道抗氧化能力,改善了断奶仔猪在无抗生素日粮中的生长性能。我们假设日粮中添加 CB 通过促进肠道健康显着增加断奶后 1~14 d 仔猪的平均日增重 (ADG) (P < 0.05)。这些结果表明,高 AA 水平和日粮添加 CB 通过改善 AA 代谢和肠道抗氧化能力,改善了断奶仔猪在无抗生素日粮中的生长性能。我们假设日粮中添加 CB 通过促进肠道健康显着增加断奶后 1~14 d 仔猪的平均日增重 (ADG) (P < 0.05)。这些结果表明,高 AA 水平和日粮添加 CB 通过改善 AA 代谢和肠道抗氧化能力,改善了断奶仔猪在无抗生素日粮中的生长性能。
更新日期:2022-03-08
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