Datura stramonium L. (jimsonweed) from the Solanaceae family is widely used in traditional medicine due to its medicinal properties. This paper investigated the effect of three levels of urea fertilizer (60, 120, and 180 kg ha^–1) and three levels of planting density (6, 10, and 14 plants m⁻²) on the grain alkaloids, chlorophylls a and b content, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and grain and biological yields. A factorial experiment as a randomized complete block design was carried out at the Research and Education farm of Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources and Training Center in IRAN in 2018 and 2019. Significant differences were detected between urea levels and plant density for leaf chlorophyll content, carotenoids, and anthocyanins at the 1% probability. Also, hyoscyamine alkaloid levels and scopolamine content are affected by the urea levels at the 1% probability. Moreover, the relationship between phytochemical characteristics and alkaloids with the grain and biological yields in D. stramonium is investigated by path analysis. The results showed that grain yield, hyoscyamine alkaloid levels and scopolamine content is significantly improved by 6 plants m⁻²planting density and 180 kg ha^–1 urea.

中文翻译：

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不同尿素水平和种植密度对药用植物金缕梅（曼陀罗）植物化学特性、生物碱和产量的影响

茄科的曼陀罗(Jimsonweed) 因其药用特性而被广泛用于传统医学。本文研究了三个水平的尿素肥料（60、120 和 180 kg ha ^–1）和三个水平的种植密度（6、10 和 14 株 m ^-2) 对粮食生物碱、叶绿素 a 和 b 含量、类胡萝卜素、花青素以及粮食和生物产量的影响。2018 年和 2019 年在伊朗伊斯法罕农业和自然资源与培训中心的研究和教育农场进行了作为随机完全区组设计的因子试验。在叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素的尿素水平和植物密度之间检测到显着差异, 和花青素的概率为 1%。此外，莨菪碱生物碱含量和东莨菪碱含量受尿素含量影响的概率为 1%。此外，植物化学特性和生物碱与D. stramonium谷物和生物产量的关系通过路径分析进行研究。结果表明，6株m ^-2种植密度和180 kg ha ^-1尿素可显着提高粮食产量、莨菪碱生物碱含量和东莨菪碱含量。