Among the many ecosystems services of winter covers, winter legumes have an advantage over winter grain covers by fixing N that may be used by subsequent crops. A 5-yr study was conducted to compare the biomass yields of five leguminous winter cover crops [Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.), fava bean (Vicia fava L.), narrow-leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), cahaba vetch (Vicia spp.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)] plus rye (Secale cereale L.) and determine the effects of these winter cover crops either harvested or left on the soil on subsequent biomass sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields at two field locations in Georgia. Lupin produced between 4.16 and 9.54 Mg ha⁻¹ biomass, approximately two to four times more than any other cover at both locations every year. Lupin, followed by vetch and winter pea had the greatest positive effect on biomass sorghum yields. Biomass-sorghum yields after lupin cover were not significantly different whether biomass was retained on the soil by rolling or removed. Seed cotton yields were higher after lupin and vetch . Significantly higher sorghum and cotton yields occurred for rolled covers with crimson clover, winter pea, and fava bean. Averaged over the years and locations, lupin biomass produced approximately 143 kg ha⁻¹ N, more than any other cover. The study suggests that harvested or grazed lupin or vetch covers could give similar benefits to summer row crops compared with traditionally leaving the cover on the soil.

中文翻译：

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冬季豆科植物覆盖对格鲁吉亚生物质高粱和棉花产量的影响

在冬季覆盖物的众多生态系统服务中，冬季豆科植物通过固定可能被后续作物使用的氮而比冬季谷物覆盖物具有优势。一项为期 5 年的研究比较了五种豆科冬季覆盖作物 [奥地利冬豌豆 ( Pisum sativum L.)、蚕豆 ( Vicia fava L.)、窄叶羽扇豆 ( Lupinus angustifolius L.)、cahaba的生物量产量。紫云英 ( Vicia spp.)、深红三叶草 ( Trifolium incarnatum L.)] 和黑麦 ( Seale graine L.) 并确定这些冬季覆盖作物收获或留在土壤上对后续生物量高粱 [ Sorghum bicolor (L. ) Moench] 和棉花 ( Gossypium hirsutumL.) 乔治亚州两个田地的产量。羽扇豆每年生产 4.16 到 9.54 Mg ha ^-1的生物量，大约是这两个地点任何其他覆盖物的两到四倍。羽扇豆，其次是野豌豆和冬豌豆对生物量高粱产量的积极影响最大。羽扇豆覆盖后的生物量-高粱产量没有显着差异，无论生物量是通过滚动还是移除留在土壤上。在羽扇豆和野豌豆之后，籽棉产量较高。深红色三叶草、冬豌豆和蚕豆卷盖的高粱和棉花产量显着提高。多年来和地点的平均值，羽扇豆生物量产生了大约 143 kg ha ^-1N，比任何其他封面都多。该研究表明，与传统上将覆盖物留在土壤上相比，收获或放牧的羽扇豆或野豌豆覆盖物可以为夏季行作物带来类似的好处。