All over the world, farming communities need to adapt to a changing climate. At the same time, they are confronted by the necessity to increase food availability for a growing population, but also to ensure a sustainable use of natural resources. In this process, agriculture is not just the fiend responsible for an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, nor the victim of rising temperatures and extreme weather events. Agriculture is also an ally in climate change mitigation and adaptation because the selection of ad hoc crop varieties and livestock can lower the environmental impact of farming and the implementation of better management practices can promote soil conservation. Whether agriculture will have a positive or a negative impact on climate change adaptation and mitigation will depend on the rural policies implemented, but it will also be contingent on an adequate understanding of the interconnections existing between weather, climate, and farming. This review explores such interconnections by focusing on the history of agricultural meteorology, which is the research field that studies the impact of weather and climate on crops, livestock, farming operations, and plant and animal pests and diseases. The article discusses stakeholders, institutions, and main developments in agricultural meteorology, and describes how the agenda of agricultural meteorology has shifted over time. At the beginning of the 20th century, research in agricultural meteorology focused on increasing the profitability of farming. In the 21st century, instead, the main goal of agricultural meteorology is to ensure food security and guarantee sustainability.

中文翻译：

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天气、气候和农业：农业气象学的历史贡献和观点

在世界各地，农业社区需要适应不断变化的气候。与此同时，他们面临着为不断增长的人口增加粮食供应的必要性，同时也面临着确保自然资源的可持续利用的必要性。在这个过程中，农业不仅是导致温室气体排放增加的恶魔，也不是气温上升和极端天气事件的受害者。农业也是减缓和适应气候变化的盟友，因为选择特殊作物品种和牲畜可以降低农业对环境的影响，实施更好的管理实践可以促进土壤保持。农业对气候变化适应和减缓的影响是积极的还是消极的，取决于实施的农村政策，但它也取决于对天气、气候和农业之间存在的相互联系的充分理解。本综述通过关注农业气象学的历史来探索这种相互联系，农业气象学是研究天气和气候对作物、牲畜、农业作业以及动植物病虫害影响的研究领域。本文讨论了农业气象的利益相关者、机构和主要发展，并描述了农业气象的议程如何随着时间的推移而发生变化。20 世纪初，农业气象学的研究重点是提高农业的盈利能力。相反，在 21 世纪，农业气象的主要目标是确保粮食安全和保证可持续性。