Seminal studies published in the 1990s and 2000s explored connections between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions, revealing potential contributions of periodontal diseases in the initiation or worsening of systemic conditions. The resulting field of periodontal medicine led to the publication of studies indicating that periodontal diseases can influence the risk of systemic conditions, including adverse pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as Alzheimer disease and cancers. In general, these studies hypothesized that the periodontal bacterial insult and/or the associated proinflammatory cascade could contribute to the pathogenesis of these systemic diseases. While investigations of the biological basis of the connections between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions generally emphasized the bacteriome, it is also biologically plausible, under an analogous hypothesis, that other types of organisms may have a similar role. Human viruses would be logical “suspects” in this role, given their ubiquity in the oral cavity, association with periodontal diseases, and ability to elicit strong inflammatory response, compromise immune responses, and synergize with bacteria in favor of a more pathogenic microbial consortium. In this review, the current knowledge of the role of viruses in connecting periodontal diseases and systemic conditions is examined. We will also delve into the mechanistic basis for such connections and highlight the importance of those relationships in the management and treatment of patients.

中文翻译：

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病毒、牙周炎和合并症

1990 年代和 2000 年代发表的开创性研究探讨了牙周病与全身状况之间的联系，揭示了牙周病在全身状况开始或恶化中的潜在贡献。由此产生的牙周医学领域导致发表的研究表明，牙周病会影响全身疾病的风险，包括不良妊娠结局、心血管和呼吸系统疾病，以及阿尔茨海默病和癌症。一般来说，这些研究假设牙周细菌损伤和/或相关的促炎级联反应可能导致这些全身性疾病的发病机制。虽然对牙周病和全身性疾病之间联系的生物学基础的研究通常强调细菌组，但在类似的假设下，其他类型的生物体可能具有类似的作用在生物学上也是合理的。鉴于人类病毒在口腔中无处不在，与牙周病相关，并且能够引发强烈的炎症反应、损害免疫反应以及与细菌协同作用，从而形成更具致病性的微生物群落，因此它们将成为这一角色的合乎逻辑的“嫌疑人”。在这篇综述中，检查了当前关于病毒在连接牙周疾病和全身状况中的作用的知识。