Integrated grazing systems are important to tackle pasture degradation and promote agricultural sustainability, contributing to sustainable development goals and to soil quality. This study aimed to assess physical indicators of soil quality in the topsoil of integrated and non-integrated grazing systems. The studied systems included continuous grazing (CONT), rotational grazing (ROT), integrated crop-livestock (ICL), integrated livestock-forest (ILF), integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) and an adjacent area with native vegetation (NV). The agricultural systems were established by 2011 and the soil was sampled in 2019. Assessments included saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), soil bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), macroporosity (MA), microporosity (MI), soil resistance to penetration (RP), mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD) and total organic carbon (TOC). Apart from MWD, the soil quality indicators were sensitive in differentiating the studied systems. NV accounted for the highest means for Ksat, TP, and MA, and the lowest means for BD, MI, RP and MWD. Ksat in ICLF and ILF was higher than the other grazing systems. The lowest means for TP and MA, and the highest TOC was found in ICLF. BD, TP, MA and RP, which were strongly correlated with each other, suggest a degree of soil compaction in all grazing systems, caused mainly by cattle trampling. BD, MI, RP and MWD did not differentiate between grazing systems, indicating a similar soil quality between integrated and non-integrated grazing systems, which might be related to time since the experiment establishment. Further research is required for integrated and non-integrated grazing systems, including assessments of long-term experiments and testing novel indicators of soil quality.

综合放牧系统对于解决牧场退化和促进农业可持续性非常重要，有助于实现可持续发展目标和土壤质量。本研究旨在评估综合和非综合放牧系统表土中土壤质量的物理指标。研究的系统包括连续放牧 (CONT)、轮牧 (ROT)、综合作物-牲畜 (ICL)、综合牲畜-森林 (ILF)、综合作物-牲畜-森林 (ICLF) 和具有原生植被的邻近区域 (NV) ）。农业系统于 2011 年建立，土壤取样于 2019 年。评估包括饱和土壤水力传导率 (Ksat)、土壤容重 (BD)、总孔隙度 (TP)、大孔隙度 (MA)、微孔隙度 (MI)、土壤阻力渗透（RP），土壤团聚体（MWD）和总有机碳（TOC）的平均重量直径。除 MWD 外，土壤质量指标对区分所研究的系统很敏感。NV 占 Ksat、TP 和 MA 的最高均值，而 BD、MI、RP 和 MWD 的均值最低。ICLF 和 ILF 中的 Ksat 高于其他放牧系统。TP 和 MA 的均值最低，TOC 最高的是 ICLF。BD、TP、MA 和 RP 彼此强相关，表明所有放牧系统中的土壤压实程度主要由牛践踏引起。BD、MI、RP和MWD没有区分放牧系统，表明综合和非综合放牧系统之间的土壤质量相似，这可能与实验建立以来的时间有关。