Recent developments in a variety of sectors, including health care, research and the direct-to-consumer industry, have led to a dramatic increase in the amount of genomic data that are collected, used and shared. This state of affairs raises new and challenging concerns for personal privacy, both legally and technically. This Review appraises existing and emerging threats to genomic data privacy and discusses how well current legal frameworks and technical safeguards mitigate these concerns. It concludes with a discussion of remaining and emerging challenges and illustrates possible solutions that can balance protecting privacy and realizing the benefits that result from the sharing of genetic information.

包括医疗保健、研究和直接面向消费者的行业在内的多个部门的最新发展导致收集、使用和共享的基因组数据量急剧增加。这种事态在法律和技术上引起了对个人隐私的新的和具有挑战性的关注。本综述评估了基因组数据隐私的现有和新出现的威胁，并讨论了当前的法律框架和技术保障措施如何缓解这些担忧。它最后讨论了剩余的和新出现的挑战，并说明了可以平衡保护隐私和实现遗传信息共享带来的好处的可能解决方案。