High cognitive reserve (CR) protects against cognitive decline in individuals with white matter hyperintensities (WMH). However, the functional mechanisms remain relatively unknown. This work aimed to explore the effects of CR on the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) and cognitive function in subjects with WMH. One hundred and thirty-seven subjects with WMH and 95 control subjects without WMH underwent neuropsychological testing, CR assessments, and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. A mixed analysis of covariance with CR level (high CR vs. low CR) and WMH status (with WMH vs. without WMH) as fixed factors was performed on the FPCN. WMH volume was negatively correlated with global cognitive function in subjects with low CR not in those with high CR, suggesting a buffering effect of high CR. An interaction between CR and WMH was detected on the right FPCN in frontal regions. Specifically, control subjects with high CR had significantly higher functional connectivity (FC) in frontal regions than control subjects with low CR, whereas this relation was inverted in WMH subjects. Correlative analyses showed positive associations of the FC with cognitive performance in both WMH subjects and control subjects, although the associations were not significant after correction for multiple comparisons. In conclusion, CR differentially regulated the FPCN in frontal regions between subjects with WMH and those without WMH. This regulation supports the flexibility of CR in regulating brain function and may underlie the effects of CR on cognitive function in WMH subjects.

高认知储备 (CR) 可防止白质高信号 (WMH) 患者的认知能力下降。然而，功能机制仍然相对未知。本工作旨在探讨 CR 对 WMH 受试者额顶控制网络 (FPCN) 和认知功能的影响。137 名 WMH 受试者和 95 名没有 WMH 的对照受试者接受了神经心理学测试、CR 评估和多模态磁共振成像 (MRI) 扫描。对 CR 水平（高 CR与低 CR）和 WMH 状态（WMH与CR）的协方差的混合分析没有 WMH）作为固定因子在 FPCN 上执行。WMH 体积与低 CR 受试者的整体认知功能呈负相关，而不是高 CR 受试者，这表明高 CR 具有缓冲作用。在额叶区域的右侧 FPCN 上检测到 CR 和 WMH 之间的相互作用。具体来说，具有高 CR 的对照受试者在额叶区域的功能连接性 (FC) 显着高于具有低 CR 的对照受试者，而这种关系在 WMH 受试者中是倒置的。相关分析显示，FC 与 WMH 受试者和对照受试者的认知表现呈正相关，尽管在校正多重比较后该关联并不显着。总之，CR 在有 WMH 的受试者和没有 WMH 的受试者之间差异调节额叶区域的 FPCN。