Executive functioning (EF) is fundamental to positive development. Yet, little is known about how to best characterize constellations of EF skills that may inform disparate associations between EF and behavior during adolescence. In the current study, cross-validated latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to derive profiles of EF based on measures of inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility using data from 11,672 youth (52.2% male, mean age = 9.91 years) in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study. Four meaningful EF profiles emerged from the data representing Average EF, High EF, Low Inhibitory Control, and Low EF. Boys, youth from low-income households, and early developing youth were more likely to be in profiles distinguished by lower EF. Profile membership also predicted differences in externalizing, internalizing, and other problem behaviors assessed one year later. Findings indicate that youth may have distinct constellations of EF skills, underscoring the need for person-centered approaches that focus on patterns of individual characteristics.

中文翻译：

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了解青春期执行功能的异质性模式：来自人口水平数据的证据

执行功能 (EF) 是积极发展的基础。然而，关于如何最好地描述 EF 技能群的特征知之甚少，这些技能群可能会告知 EF 与青春期行为之间的不同关联。在当前的研究中，使用来自 11,672 名青年（52.2% 男性，平均年龄 = 9.91 岁）的数据，使用交叉验证的潜在概况分析 (LPA) 根据抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性的测量来推导 EF 的概况在青少年大脑和认知发展研究中。四个有意义的 EF 配置文件从代表平均 EF、高 EF、低抑制控制和低 EF的数据中出现. 男孩、来自低收入家庭的青年和发育较早的青年更有可能具有较低的 EF。个人资料成员资格还预测了一年后评估的外化、内化和其他问题行为的差异。调查结果表明，青年人可能拥有不同的 EF 技能，强调需要以人为本的方法，关注个人特征的模式。