The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global public health emergency. Nutritional status is suggested to be related to the severity of COVID-19 infection. Herein, we aimed to explore the impact of using vitamin and mineral supplements prior to COVID-19 infection on disease severity and hospitalization. In addition, the prior use of aspirin as an anticoagulant on the disease severity was investigated. A cross-sectional, self-administered survey was conducted between March and July 2021. Recovered COVID-19 individuals (age ≥ 18 years, n = 2148) were recruited in the study. A multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations of supplements and aspirin use with COVID-19 disease severity and hospitalization status. Among the participants, 12.1% reported symptoms consistent with severe COVID-19, and 10.2% were hospitalized due to COVID-19. After adjustment for confounding variables (age, gender, BMI, cigarette smoking status, and the number of comorbidities), the multivariate logistic regression model showed that the consumption of vitamin D supplements prior to COVID-19 infection was associated with a significant decrease in disease severity (OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.50 - 0.92; P = 0.01), and a lower risk of hospitalization (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.45 - 0.89; P = 0.01). On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the frequencies of severe illness and hospitalizations with the consumption of vitamin A, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, zinc, iron, selenium, calcium, magnesium, omega 3, and aspirin before COVID-19 infection. Among the investigated nutrients, the use of vitamin D prior to COVID-19 infection was associated with reduced disease severity and hospitalization. However, more studies are required to confirm this finding.

中文翻译：

---

在 COVID-19 感染之前使用维生素和矿物质补充剂对疾病严重程度和住院治疗的影响。

COVID-19 大流行已导致全球公共卫生紧急情况。建议营养状况与 COVID-19 感染的严重程度有关。在此，我们旨在探索在感染 COVID-19 之前使用维生素和矿物质补充剂对疾病严重程度和住院治疗的影响。此外，研究了先前使用阿司匹林作为抗凝剂对疾病严重程度的影响。在 2021 年 3 月至 2021 年 7 月期间进行了一项横断面、自我管理的调查。研究招募了康复的 COVID-19 个体（年龄 ≥ 18 岁，n = 2148）。使用多变量逻辑回归来评估补充剂和阿司匹林使用与 COVID-19 疾病严重程度和住院状态的关联。在参与者中，12.1% 的人报告了与严重 COVID-19 和 10 一致的症状。2% 的人因 COVID-19 住院。在调整混杂变量（年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟状况和合并症数量）后，多变量逻辑回归模型显示，在感染 COVID-19 之前服用维生素 D 补充剂与疾病显着减少相关严重程度（OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.50 - 0.92; P = 0.01），住院风险较低（OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.45 - 0.89; P = 0.01）。另一方面，维生素A、叶酸、维生素B12、维生素B复合物、维生素C、锌、铁、硒、钙、镁、欧米茄3的摄入量在重症和住院频率方面没有显着差异和 COVID-19 感染前的阿司匹林。在调查的营养素中，在感染 COVID-19 之前使用维生素 D 与降低疾病严重程度和住院率有关。然而，需要更多的研究来证实这一发现。