ABSTRACT

In the present study, the acute toxic effects of single, double, and triple mixtures of imidacloprid, azoxystrobin, and glyphosate on Gammarus lacustris were investigated. Initially, the 96-hour median lethal dose (LC50) values for imidacloprid, azoxystrobin, and glyphosate were determined as 157, 1.92, and 4.33 mg L⁻¹, respectively. The animals were exposed to one-fiftieth of the 96-h LC₅₀ concentration for 24 or 96 h. The activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase, acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase (CaE), and superoxide dismutase enzymes as biological markers were examined to determine the non-lethal effects of the pesticides tested. Significant changes were observed in GST and CaE activities especially in detoxification compared to control and between different applications. The results of this study show the potential for increased toxicity in organisms exposed to pesticide mixtures.

摘要

在本研究中，研究了吡虫啉、嘧菌酯和草甘膦的单一、双重和三重混合物对 Gammarus lacustris 的急性毒性作用。最初，吡虫啉、嘧菌酯和草甘膦的 96 小时中位致死剂量 (LC50) 值分别确定为 157、1.92 和 4.33 mg L ^-1。动物暴露于 96 小时 LC _{50的五十分之一}浓度为 24 或 96 小时。检测了作为生物标志物的谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GST)、谷胱甘肽还原酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶 (CaE) 和超氧化物歧化酶的活性，以确定所测试农药的非致死作用。与对照相比，在 GST 和 CaE 活动中观察到显着变化，尤其是在解毒方面以及不同应用之间。这项研究的结果表明，接触农药混合物的生物体可能会增加毒性。