Neuropathic pain is experienced due to injury to the nerves, underlying disease conditions or toxicity induced by chemotherapeutics. Multiple factors can contribute to neuropathic pain such as central nervous system (CNS)-related autoimmune and metabolic disorders, nerve injury, multiple sclerosis and diabetes. Hence, development of pharmacological interventions to reduce the drawbacks of existing chemotherapeutics and counter neuropathic pain is an urgent unmet clinical need. Cannabinoid treatment has been reported to be beneficial for several disease conditions including neuropathic pain. Cannabinoids act by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic nerve endings, modulating the excitation of postsynaptic neurons, activating descending inhibitory pain pathways, reducing neural inflammation and oxidative stress and also correcting autophagy defects. This review provides insights on the various preclinical and clinical therapeutic applications of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabinol (CBN) in various diseases and the ongoing clinical trials for the treatment of chronic and acute pain with cannabinoids. Pharmacological and genetic experimental strategies have well demonstrated the potential neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids and also elaborated their mechanism of action for the therapy of neuropathic pain.

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大麻素在神经性疼痛中的应用：最新综述

神经性疼痛是由于神经损伤、潜在疾病或化疗药物引起的毒性而引起的。多种因素可导致神经性疼痛，例如中枢神经系统 (CNS) 相关的自身免疫和代谢紊乱、神经损伤、多发性硬化症和糖尿病。因此，开发药物干预措施以减少现有化疗药物的缺点并对抗神经性疼痛是迫切的未满足的临床需求。据报道，大麻素治疗对包括神经性疼痛在内的多种疾病有益。大麻素的作用是抑制突触前神经末梢释放神经递质，调节突触后神经元的兴奋，激活下行抑制性疼痛通路，减少神经炎症和氧化应激，并纠正自噬缺陷。这篇综述提供了大麻二酚（CBD）、大麻酚（CBG）和大麻酚（CBN）在各种疾病中的各种临床前和临床治疗应用的见解，以及正在进行的用大麻素治疗慢性和急性疼痛的临床试验。药理学和遗传学实验策略很好地证明了大麻素的潜在神经保护作用，并阐述了其治疗神经性疼痛的作用机制。