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The perils of ethnographic analogy. Parallel logics in ethnoarchaeology and Victorian Bible customs books
Archaeological Dialogues Pub Date : 2018-11-06 , DOI: 10.1017/s1380203818000181 Jerimy J. Cunningham , Kevin M. McGeough
Archaeological Dialogues Pub Date : 2018-11-06 , DOI: 10.1017/s1380203818000181 Jerimy J. Cunningham , Kevin M. McGeough
In recent years, ethnoarchaeology and the use of ethnographic analogy have come under increasing criticism. Analogy seems necessary because, as post-industrial academics, archaeologists worry that they do not possess the knowledge necessary to interpret archaeological materials directly and thus must consult with coeval ‘premodern’ peoples to develop interpretive baselines. In this paper, we draw attention to a form of scholarly enquiry – 19th-century Bible customs books – that faced a similar challenge and used methodologies that parallel archaeology's use of ethnoarchaeological data. These were books written by missionaries who lived in Palestine for extended periods of time and studied Palestinian life to make sense of obscure elements of the biblical text, believing that life there had remained fundamentally unchanged for the past three thousand years. Using the Bible customs books as a kind of ‘cautionary tale’ typical of ethnoarchaeology, we argue that a consideration of this literature brings into focus some of the challenges faced by archaeologists’ use of analogy. Specifically, Bible customs books expose significant issues in how relations are conceptualized between archaeologists, others and ancients, and show how a strict empirical focus in ethnographic research can insulate key assumptions from critical scrutiny.
中文翻译:
民族志类比的危险。民族考古学和维多利亚时代圣经习俗书籍中的平行逻辑
近年来,民族考古学和民族志类比的使用受到越来越多的批评。类比似乎是必要的,因为作为后工业时代的学者,考古学家担心他们不具备直接解释考古材料所需的知识,因此必须咨询同时代的“前现代”人民以制定解释基线。在本文中,我们提请注意一种学术探究形式——19 世纪的圣经习俗书籍——它面临着类似的挑战,并使用了与考古学使用民族考古学数据类似的方法。这些书是由长期居住在巴勒斯坦的传教士写的,他们研究巴勒斯坦人的生活,以理解圣经文本中晦涩的元素,相信在过去的三千年里,那里的生活基本没有改变。我们将圣经风俗书籍作为一种典型的民族考古学“警示故事”,我们认为,对这些文献的考虑使考古学家使用类比面临的一些挑战成为焦点。具体来说,圣经风俗书籍揭示了考古学家、其他人和古人之间的关系是如何概念化的重大问题,并展示了民族志研究中严格的实证研究如何能够将关键假设与批判性审查隔离开来。
更新日期:2018-11-06
中文翻译:
民族志类比的危险。民族考古学和维多利亚时代圣经习俗书籍中的平行逻辑
近年来,民族考古学和民族志类比的使用受到越来越多的批评。类比似乎是必要的,因为作为后工业时代的学者,考古学家担心他们不具备直接解释考古材料所需的知识,因此必须咨询同时代的“前现代”人民以制定解释基线。在本文中,我们提请注意一种学术探究形式——19 世纪的圣经习俗书籍——它面临着类似的挑战,并使用了与考古学使用民族考古学数据类似的方法。这些书是由长期居住在巴勒斯坦的传教士写的,他们研究巴勒斯坦人的生活,以理解圣经文本中晦涩的元素,相信在过去的三千年里,那里的生活基本没有改变。我们将圣经风俗书籍作为一种典型的民族考古学“警示故事”,我们认为,对这些文献的考虑使考古学家使用类比面临的一些挑战成为焦点。具体来说,圣经风俗书籍揭示了考古学家、其他人和古人之间的关系是如何概念化的重大问题,并展示了民族志研究中严格的实证研究如何能够将关键假设与批判性审查隔离开来。