The structural state and the post-deformation mechanical properties of steel 10 (bcc), copper M1 (fcc) and titanium Grade 4 (hcp) are studied using the method of free torsion of cylindrical billets below the temperature of recrystallization. The metal acquires a gradual strain distribution with maximum strain in the surface layer, which provides intense grain refinement and hardening. The refinement is more intense in the bcc and fcc lattices forming a developed substructure by the dislocation mechanism, whereas the hcp lattice reacts primarily by twinning. The strength of the deformed metal with gradient structure is 8 – 17% higher than in the initial condition.

采用再结晶温度以下圆柱坯自由扭转的方法研究了钢10（bcc）、铜M1（fcc）和钛4级（hcp）的组织状态和变形后力学性能。金属在表层获得最大应变的渐进应变分布，这提供了强烈的晶粒细化和硬化。通过位错机制形成发达的子结构的 bcc 和 fcc 晶格的细化更加强烈，而 hcp 晶格主要通过孪晶反应。具有梯度结构的变形金属的强度比初始状态高 8-17%。