This work aims to examine a possible change of feminist civil society pertaining to inclusivity with a particular interest in violence. It evaluates state-civil society relations, coping mechanisms with domestic violence and solidarity patterns with female refugees. It proposes a novel theoretical contribution, ‘feminization of refugee’ suggesting a positive shift in the empowerment of refugee women through bidirectional solidarity, intersectionality and resistance which consequently diversifies and invigorates the civil society itself. The findings suggest that the manifestation of a resistant civil society in Turkey inclined to withhold a strong feminist stance with a rights-based approach. The findings further manifest a growing need towards shelters in the pandemic experience which recalls capacity building requirements of civil society for refugee women against violence.

中文翻译：

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难民的女性化：交叉性、团结、抵抗

这项工作旨在研究女权主义公民社会在包容性方面可能发生的变化，尤其关注暴力。它评估了国家与公民社会的关系、家庭暴力的应对机制以及与女性难民的团结模式。它提出了一种新颖的理论贡献，即“难民女性化”，表明通过双向团结、交叉和抵抗增强难民妇女权能的积极转变，从而使公民社会本身多样化并充满活力。调查结果表明，土耳其抵抗公民社会的表现倾向于通过基于权利的方法来抑制强烈的女权主义立场。