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Excess risk and clusters of symptoms after COVID-19 in a large Norwegian cohort
European Journal of Epidemiology ( IF 13.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-02-25 , DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00847-8
Ida Henriette Caspersen 1 , Per Magnus 1 , Lill Trogstad 2
Affiliation  

Physical, psychological and cognitive symptoms have been reported as post-acute sequelae for COVID-19 patients but are also common in the general uninfected population. We aimed to calculate the excess risk and identify patterns of 22 symptoms up to 12 months after COVID-19. We followed more than 70,000 adult participants in an ongoing cohort study, the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infected and non-infected participants registered presence of 22 different symptoms in March 2021. One year after infection, 13 of 22 symptoms were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, based on relative risks between infected and uninfected subjects. For instance, 17.4% of SARS-CoV-2 infected cohort participants reported fatigue that persist 12 months after infection, compared to new occurrence of fatigue that had lasted less than 12 months in 3.8% of non-infected subjects (excess risk 13.6%). The adjusted relative risk for fatigue was 4.8 (95% CI 3.5–6.7). Two main underlying factors explained 50% of the variance in the 13 symptoms. Brain fog, poor memory, dizziness, heart palpitations, and fatigue had high loadings on the first factor, while shortness-of breath and cough had high loadings on the second factor. Lack of taste and smell showed low to moderate correlation to other symptoms. Anxiety, depression and mood swings were not strongly related to COVID-19. Our results suggest that there are clusters of symptoms after COVID-19 due to different mechanisms and question whether it is meaningful to describe long COVID as one syndrome.



中文翻译:

挪威大型队列中 COVID-19 后的过度风险和症状群

据报道,身体、心理和认知症状是 COVID-19 患者的急性后遗症,但在一般未感染人群中也很常见。我们的目标是在 COVID-19 后 12 个月内计算超额风险并确定 22 种症状的模式。在 COVID-19 大流行期间,我们在挪威母亲、父亲和儿童队列研究 (MoBa) 中跟踪了 70,000 多名成年参与者。2021 年 3 月,受感染和未受感染的参与者出现了 22 种不同的症状。根据受感染受试者和未受感染受试者之间的相对风险,感染一年后,22 种症状中有 13 种与 SARS-CoV-2 感染有关。例如,17.4% 的 SARS-CoV-2 感染队列参与者报告说,在感染后 12 个月疲劳持续存在,相比之下,3.8% 的未感染受试者新出现的疲劳持续时间不到 12 个月(超额风险为 13.6%)。调整后的疲劳相对风险为 4.8 (95% CI 3.5–6.7)。两个主要的潜在因素解释了 13 种症状中 50% 的差异。脑雾、记忆力差、头晕、心悸和疲劳对第一个因素有高负荷,而呼吸急促和咳嗽对第二个因素有高负荷。缺乏味觉和嗅觉与其他症状表现出低到中度的相关性。焦虑、抑郁和情绪波动与 COVID-19 无关。我们的研究结果表明,由于不同的机制,在 COVID-19 之后存在一系列症状,并质疑将长期 COVID 描述为一种综合征是否有意义。6%)。调整后的疲劳相对风险为 4.8 (95% CI 3.5–6.7)。两个主要的潜在因素解释了 13 种症状中 50% 的差异。脑雾、记忆力差、头晕、心悸和疲劳对第一个因素有高负荷,而呼吸急促和咳嗽对第二个因素有高负荷。缺乏味觉和嗅觉与其他症状表现出低到中度的相关性。焦虑、抑郁和情绪波动与 COVID-19 无关。我们的研究结果表明,由于不同的机制,在 COVID-19 之后存在一系列症状,并质疑将长期 COVID 描述为一种综合征是否有意义。6%)。调整后的疲劳相对风险为 4.8 (95% CI 3.5–6.7)。两个主要的潜在因素解释了 13 种症状中 50% 的差异。脑雾、记忆力差、头晕、心悸和疲劳对第一个因素有高负荷,而呼吸急促和咳嗽对第二个因素有高负荷。缺乏味觉和嗅觉与其他症状表现出低到中度的相关性。焦虑、抑郁和情绪波动与 COVID-19 无关。我们的研究结果表明,由于不同的机制,在 COVID-19 之后存在一系列症状,并质疑将长期 COVID 描述为一种综合征是否有意义。疲劳对第一个因素有很高的影响,而呼吸急促和咳嗽对第二个因素有很高的影响。缺乏味觉和嗅觉与其他症状表现出低到中度的相关性。焦虑、抑郁和情绪波动与 COVID-19 无关。我们的研究结果表明,由于不同的机制,在 COVID-19 之后存在一系列症状,并质疑将长期 COVID 描述为一种综合征是否有意义。疲劳对第一个因素有很高的影响,而呼吸急促和咳嗽对第二个因素有很高的影响。缺乏味觉和嗅觉与其他症状表现出低到中度的相关性。焦虑、抑郁和情绪波动与 COVID-19 无关。我们的研究结果表明,由于不同的机制,在 COVID-19 之后存在一系列症状,并质疑将长期 COVID 描述为一种综合征是否有意义。

更新日期:2022-02-25
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