The number of primary and revision total knee arthroplasties (rTKAs) continues to increase annually. To date, most of the literature has focused on the surgical technique and outcome of revision prostheses. Thanks to the contributions of surgeons, engineers, and researchers, the design of prostheses has reached a prominent milestone. However, very limited discussion regarding the design, rationale and constitution of prostheses has been documented at present. An electronic search of four online databases (Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar) was conducted to identify eligible resources. Forty-four review articles were acquired by searching the terms 'prosthesis selection', 'prosthesis option', and 'prosthesis determination' in rTKA. Sixty-eight research articles investigating the factors affecting prosthesis options in rTKA were screened and integrated with the authors' perspective to reach a final recommendation. This article first discusses the pathological, individual, and other factors affecting prosthesis options in rTKA and further illustrates the classification, geometry, biomechanics, and constitution of the revision system from the authors' perspective. An evidence-based recommendation in the form of a matching algorithm was formulated. This review offers special value for decision-making regarding prosthesis options in rTKA. Particularly, it presents specific recommendations regarding unclear practical issues, such as the optimal level of constraint, individualized design, length, and fixation of extension stem, as well as the pros and cons of modularity.

中文翻译：

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翻修全膝关节置换术中的假体选择，从工作台到床边：（1）基础科学和原理。

初次和翻修全膝关节置换术 (rTKA) 的数量每年都在增加。迄今为止，大多数文献都集中在翻修修复体的手术技术和结果上。由于外科医生、工程师和研究人员的贡献，假肢的设计达到了一个重要的里程碑。然而，目前关于假体的设计、原理和构造的讨论非常有限。对四个在线数据库（Embase、MEDLINE、PubMed 和 Google Scholar）进行了电子搜索，以确定符合条件的资源。通过在 rTKA 中搜索术语“假体选择”、“假体选项”和“假体确定”，获得了 44 篇评论文章。筛选了 68 篇研究 rTKA 中影响假体选择的因素的研究文章，并结合作者的观点得出最终建议。本文首先讨论了 rTKA 中影响假体选择的病理、个体和其他因素，并从作者的角度进一步说明了翻修系统的分类、几何形状、生物力学和构成。制定了匹配算法形式的基于证据的推荐。本综述为 rTKA 中假体选择的决策提供了特殊价值。特别是，它针对不明确的实际问题提出了具体的建议，例如最佳约束水平、个性化设计、长度和延长杆的固定，以及模块化的优缺点。