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Remittances and emigration intentions: Evidence from Armenia
International Migration ( IF 2.022 ) Pub Date : 2022-02-23 , DOI: 10.1111/imig.12980
Aleksandr Grigoryan 1, 2 , Knar Khachatryan 1, 3
Affiliation  

Emigration intentions and effects of international migration constitute important yet understudied directions of contemporary migration research. In this paper, we analyse a recent migration wave in Armenia, using household-level representative data from 2011. We identify determinants of emigration intentions within a model framework with endogenous remittances, instrumented by community-level factors such as budget revenue, budget transparency and community remoteness. We find that remittances help potential migrants to ease the migration process, serving as a resource rather than as a contractual tool between migrants and non-migrants. Also, remittance recipients with high emigration intentions are more likely to be located in poor communities. When distinguishing the destination country for potential migrants, post-Soviet versus Western countries (EU countries or USA), we find that the instruments identified for remittances are more relevant for individuals targeting the post-Soviet area (mainly Russia). Nevertheless, remittances remain a significant resource for migrating to Western countries. The two pools of potential migrants considerably differ in the main set of skill characteristics: high-skilled potential migrants opt for Western countries (brain drain), while the low-skilled prefer post-Soviet countries as a destination. We discuss our results from the socio-economic development perspective, such as the threat of chain migration inherent to poor communities and the whole country. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the relationship between migration and remittances for countries with similar settings.

中文翻译:

汇款和移民意向:来自亚美尼亚的证据

国际移民的移民意图和影响构成了当代移民研究的重要但未被充分研究的方向。在本文中,我们使用 2011 年的家庭级代表性数据分析了亚美尼亚最近的移民浪潮。我们在具有内生汇款的模型框架内确定了移民意向的决定因素,并通过社区层面的因素(例如预算收入、预算透明度和社区偏远。我们发现汇款有助于潜在移民简化移民过程,汇款是一种资源,而不是移民和非移民之间的契约工具。此外,具有高移民意愿的汇款接收者更有可能位于贫困社区。在区分潜在移民的目的地国家时,后苏联与西方国家(欧盟国家或美国)相比,我们发现确定用于汇款的工具与针对后苏联地区(主要是俄罗斯)的个人更相关。尽管如此,汇款仍然是移民到西方国家的重要资源。这两个潜在移民群体在主要技能特征方面存在很大差异:高技能潜在移民选择西方国家(人才流失),而低技能移民更喜欢后苏联国家作为目的地。我们从社会经济发展的角度讨论我们的结果,例如贫困社区和整个国家固有的连锁移民威胁。我们的研究结果有助于理解具有相似环境的国家的移民和汇款之间的关系。我们发现,确定用于汇款的工具与针对后苏联地区(主要是俄罗斯)的个人更相关。尽管如此,汇款仍然是移民到西方国家的重要资源。这两个潜在移民群体在主要技能特征方面存在很大差异:高技能潜在移民选择西方国家(人才流失),而低技能移民更喜欢后苏联国家作为目的地。我们从社会经济发展的角度讨论我们的结果,例如贫困社区和整个国家固有的连锁移民威胁。我们的研究结果有助于理解具有相似环境的国家的移民和汇款之间的关系。我们发现,确定用于汇款的工具与针对后苏联地区(主要是俄罗斯)的个人更相关。尽管如此,汇款仍然是移民到西方国家的重要资源。这两个潜在移民群体在主要技能特征方面存在很大差异:高技能潜在移民选择西方国家(人才流失),而低技能移民更喜欢后苏联国家作为目的地。我们从社会经济发展的角度讨论我们的结果,例如贫困社区和整个国家固有的连锁移民威胁。我们的研究结果有助于理解具有相似环境的国家的移民和汇款之间的关系。
更新日期:2022-02-23
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