Predicting piping failure is essential for assessing dike and dam safety. To improve the current description of internal erosion, we sought to evaluate the effects of laminar and turbulent flow on the transport of particles, which is lacking in existing assessment manuals. These insights are necessary to develop engineering tools to predict piping caused by seepage-induced backward erosion in loose sediment inside or below the dike or dam body. Particle transport occurs when there is an imbalance between the wall shear stress of the water in the pipe and the critical wall shear stress of the material. Here, we focus on pipe erosion beneath clayey dikes and impermeable dams, where piping is governed solely by the flow resistance in the pipes. We describe pipe properties, flow characteristics and turbulence intensities in relation to existing hypotheses from the literature.

预测管道故障对于评估堤坝和大坝的安全性至关重要。为了改进目前对内部侵蚀的描述，我们试图评估层流和湍流对颗粒传输的影响，这是现有评估手册中缺乏的。这些见解对于开发工程工具来预测在堤坝或坝体内部或下方松散沉积物中由渗流引起的反向侵蚀引起的管道是必要的。当管道中水的壁面剪应力与材料的临界壁面剪应力之间存在不平衡时，就会发生颗粒迁移。在这里，我们关注粘土堤坝和不透水坝下的管道侵蚀，其中管道仅受管道中的流动阻力控制。我们描述管道属性，