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Quercetin-derivatives painting the yellow petals of American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) and enzymatic basis for their accumulation
Horticultural Plant Journal ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-02-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2022.02.001
Qingqing Liu 1, 2, 3 , Dasheng Zhang 2, 3 , Fengluan Liu 2 , Zhuoxing Liu 2 , Xiaohan Wang 1, 3 , Yong Yang 1 , Shanshan Li 1, 3 , Hanchun Li 2, 3 , Daike Tian 2, 3 , Liangsheng Wang 1, 3
Affiliation  

American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) is one of the two species in Nelumbo and has only yellow flower. Identification of total flavonoids showed wild American lotus contained almost only flavonols with quercetin 3-O-glucuronide to be the dominant pigment. The variation tendency of the total flavonol content was coincident with yellow color variation of petals during flower development. To understand the mechanism of accumulation and constituent of pigments in petals, three pivotal genes, NlFLS1, NlFLS2 and NlFLS3, which were predicted to encode flavonol synthases were isolated and characterized by analyses of basic bioinformatics, temporal and spatial expression patterns and enzymatic activity. Their temporal expression levels showed the same variation tendency, which was also consistent with the development-dependent variation of total flavonol content. Spatial expression patterns indicated the three genes should function in petals. All the three proteins were demonstrated to be bifunctional dioxygenase, possessing both flavonol synthase activity and flavanone 3-hydroxylase activity. Besides, other flavonol biosynthesis related genes were also investigated on their expression levels to give more clues on the mechanism. Substrate preferences of the three FLSs, substrate competitions between the FLSs and other flavonol biosynthesis related enzymes, and the greatly differential expression levels between F3’H (flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase) and F3’5’H (flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase) contributed to the flavonol constituent in the petals of America lotus, namely abundant quercetin-derivatives while very few kaempferol-derivatives and myricetin-derivatives.



中文翻译:

槲皮素衍生物绘制美国莲花 (Nelumbo lutea) 的黄色花瓣及其积累的酶促基础

美国莲花 ( Nelumbo lutea ) 是Nelumbo的两个品种之一,只有黄色的花。总黄酮鉴定表明,野生美洲莲几乎只含有黄酮醇,槲皮素3- O-葡萄糖醛酸苷是主要色素。总黄酮醇含量的变化趋势与花发育过程中花瓣的黄色变化一致。了解花瓣中色素的积累和组成机制,三个关键基因NlFLS1、NlFLS2NlFLS3,预测编码黄酮醇合酶被分离,并通过基本生物信息学、时间和空间表达模式和酶活性的分析来表征。它们的时间表达水平表现出相同的变化趋势,这也与总黄酮含量的发育依赖性变化一致。空间表达模式表明这三个基因应该在花瓣中起作用。所有这三种蛋白质都被证明是双功能双加氧酶,具有黄酮醇合成酶活性和黄烷酮 3-羟化酶活性。此外,还研究了其他黄酮醇生物合成相关基因的表达水平,以提供更多的机制线索。三种 FLS 的底物偏好,FLS 与其他黄酮醇生物合成相关酶之间的底物竞争,

更新日期:2022-02-23
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