Vehicle-to-grid is a promising source of the shallow storage needed for Australia’s energy transition. However, it is a niche innovation dependent on other new technologies. The paper describes the Australian vehicle-to-grid niche via examination of a trial and sets an agenda for niche development. The multi-level perspective provides understanding of the processes of socio-technical transitions and strategic niche management provides a tool for facilitating development and linking with policy. The study found that the Australian vehicle-to-grid niche is at an embryonic stage and is yet to stabilise into a dominant form. Variety and non-technical learning are lacking and expectations underestimate the significance of existing infrastructures and user factors as well as the scope of complementary technologies. Greater experimentation with users and installation premises are recommended, plus engaging more actors and intermediaries. The study concludes with directions for further research in multi-system interactions and transitions in importer countries like Australia.

车辆到电网是澳大利亚能源转型所需的浅层存储的有希望的来源。然而，它是一种依赖于其他新技术的利基创新。该论文通过对试验的审查描述了澳大利亚的车辆到电网的利基市场，并为利基市场的发展设定了议程。多层次视角提供了对社会技术转型过程的理解，战略利基管理提供了促进发展和与政策联系的工具。该研究发现，澳大利亚的汽车到电网生态位处于萌芽阶段，尚未稳定成主导形式。缺乏多样性和非技术性学习，人们的期望低估了现有基础设施和用户因素的重要性以及互补技术的范围。建议对用户和安装场所进行更多的实验，并让更多的参与者和中介参与。该研究总结了在澳大利亚等进口国的多系统相互作用和过渡方面的进一步研究方向。