Empathy is an important building block for social interactions, that not only allows individuals experience and understand others’ affective states, but also to helpfully respond to them. Although empathy can already be observed from infancy, only one questionnaire has been specifically developed to examine young children's empathy. This study translated and validated the original Dutch Empathy Questionnaire (EmQue) into Portuguese. A total of 250 caregivers of preschool typically developed children, aged between 3 and 6 years old, participated in this study. To assess the validation, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, and internal consistency and concurrent validity were tested. The outcomes confirmed that the Portuguese version of the EmQue is also organized in a three-factor structure (i.e., Emotion Contagion, Attention to Others’ Feelings, and Prosocial Actions). The validation required the exclusion of five of the original items. The internal consistencies of the three EmQue scales for this Portuguese version were good. Associations between the three empathy scales with emotion recognition and prosocial behaviors were in accordance with previous research confirming concurrent validity. Divergent validity assessed through the association of the three empathy scales with aggression was partially confirmed.

中文翻译：

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葡萄牙学龄前儿童的同理心：同理心问卷 (EmQue) 的验证

同理心是社交互动的重要组成部分，它不仅可以让个人体验和理解他人的情感状态，还可以对他们做出有益的回应。虽然从婴儿期就可以观察到同理心，但只有一份问卷专门用于检查幼儿的同理心。本研究将原始的荷兰移情问卷 (EmQue) 翻译并验证为葡萄牙语。共有 250 名年龄介于 3 至 6 岁的学龄前发育正常儿童的看护人参与了这项研究。为了评估有效性，进行了验证性因素分析（CFA），并测试了内部一致性和同时有效性。结果证实，葡萄牙语版本的 EmQue 也是按三因素结构组织的（即，情绪传染，注意他人的感受和亲社会行为）。验证要求排除五个原始项目。这个葡萄牙语版本的三个 EmQue 量表的内部一致性很好。三个移情量表与情绪识别和亲社会行为之间的关联与先前的研究一致，证实了同时有效性。通过三个移情量表与攻击性的关联评估的发散效度得到部分证实。三个移情量表与情绪识别和亲社会行为之间的关联与先前的研究一致，证实了同时有效性。通过三个移情量表与攻击性的关联评估的发散效度得到部分证实。三个移情量表与情绪识别和亲社会行为之间的关联与先前的研究一致，证实了同时有效性。通过三个移情量表与攻击性的关联评估的发散效度得到部分证实。