Increasing fertilization rates from 0 to 49 kg N ha⁻¹ during establishment of fine fescue (Festuca spp.) taxa can promote faster grow-in; however, the influence on sod production (tensile strength and handling) is unknown. More information is needed on both fine fescue taxa and the effects N fertilizer or inclusion of clover (Trifolium spp.) during establishment on sod strength. Field experiments were repeated in 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 in Indiana to quantify differences among four fine fescue taxa and N fertilizer or clover-inclusion effects on sod production. Six N fertilizer levels ranged from 0 to 122.5 kg N ha⁻¹ during the first 8 weeks after planting (WAP), and two treatments consisted of inclusion of either annual or perennial clover + 0 kg N ha⁻¹ at seeding. Sod harvest variables were measured at harvests from 9 to 12 months after planting (MAP). Results indicate fine fescue growth habit characteristics play a large role in sod strength differences. The highest to lowest sod strength and handling was ranked as follows: strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaudin) > slender creeping red fescue [F. rubra ssp. littoralis (G. Mey.) Auquier] ≥ Chewings fescue (F. rubra ssp. commutata Gaudin) ≥ hard fescue (F. brevipila Tracey). A minimal effect on sod strength and handling at multiple sod harvests (9–12 MAP) was observed from increasing N fertilizer levels during first 8 wk of establishment or from clover inclusion.

中文翻译：

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物种、三叶草和氮肥对细羊茅类群草皮抗张强度的影响

在细羊茅（ Festuca spp.）类群建立期间将施肥率从 0 提高到 49 kg N ha ^-1可以促进更快的生长；然而，对草皮生产（抗拉强度和处理）的影响尚不清楚。需要更多关于细羊茅类群和氮肥或加入三叶草（三叶草属）对草皮强度的影响的信息。2019-2020 年和 2020-2021 年在印第安纳州重复了田间试验，以量化四种细羊茅类群和氮肥或三叶草对草皮生产的影响之间的差异。六种氮肥水平范围为 0 至 122.5 kg N ha ^-1在种植后的前 8 周（WAP），两个处理包括在播种时加入一年生或多年生三叶草 + 0 kg N ha ^-1。在种植后 9 到 12 个月的收获时测量草皮收获变量 (MAP)。结果表明，优良的羊茅生长习性特征在草皮强度差异中起很大作用。草皮强度和处理性从高到低依次为：强匍匐红羊茅（F. rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaudin）> 细长匍匐红羊茅[ F. rubra ssp. littoralis (G. Mey.) Auquier] ≥ Chewings fescue ( F. rubra ssp . commutataGaudin）≥硬羊茅（F. brevipila Tracey）。在建立的前 8 周内增加氮肥水平或加入三叶草，观察到多次草皮收获（9-12 MAP）对草皮强度和处理的影响最小。