How important is foreign knowledge for domestic innovation outcomes? How is this relation shaped by globalization and the attendant intensification of international competition? Our empirical approach extends the previous literature by analyzing a large panel comprising industries in both advanced and emerging economies over the past two decades. We find that barriers to the domestic diffusion of foreign knowledge have fallen significantly for emerging economies. For all countries, and especially for emerging economies, inflows of foreign knowledge have a growing and quantitatively important impact on domestic innovation. Controlling for the amount of domestic R&D, we find evidence that increases in international competitive pressure at the industry level had a positive effect on domestic innovation outcomes.

中文翻译：

---

国际知识溢出

国外知识对国内创新成果有多重要？全球化和随之而来的国际竞争加剧如何塑造这种关系？我们的实证方法通过分析过去二十年来发达经济体和新兴经济体的行业组成的大型面板扩展了以前的文献。我们发现，新兴经济体在国内传播外国知识的障碍已显着降低。对于所有国家，尤其是新兴经济体而言，外国知识的流入对国内创新产生了越来越重要的影响。在控制国内研发数量的情况下，我们发现有证据表明，行业层面国际竞争压力的增加对国内创新成果产生了积极影响。