Status can be seen as power over valued resources or as prestige that lies in the eyes of the beholder. In the present research, we examine how power versus prestige influence observers' punishing motives. Possession of power implies the capacity to harm and elicits threat and therefore should trigger stronger incapacitative motives for punishing an offender. In contrast, prestige signals the observer's admiration of the target and therefore should elicit a strong motivation to help an offender reintegrate into society. Studies 1 and 2 manipulated an offender's status (power vs. prestige vs. control) and group identity (ingroup vs. outgroup). Supporting our hypotheses, both studies revealed that observers had stronger incapacitative motivations towards powerful as opposed to prestigious offenders, particularly when the offender came from the ingroup. Study 2 also showed that observers had stronger restorative motives towards a prestigious as opposed to powerful offender. Contrary to expectations, group identity did not moderate the effect of status on observer's restorative motives. Study 3 manipulated power and prestige separately and showed that power elicits stronger incapacitative motives through ingroup threat and perceived capacity to harm. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

中文翻译：

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惩罚有权有势的罪犯与有声望的罪犯的动机：群体身份的调节作用。

地位可以被视为对宝贵资源的权力，也可以被视为旁观者眼中的声望。在本研究中，我们考察了权力与声望如何影响观察者的惩罚动机。拥有权力意味着具有伤害和引发威胁的能力，因此应该引发更强的惩罚犯罪者的无能动机。相反，声望表明观察者对目标的钦佩，因此应该引起强烈的动机来帮助犯罪者重新融入社会。研究 1 和 2 操纵了犯罪者的状态（权力 vs. 声望 vs. 控制）和群体身份（ingroup vs. outgroup）。支持我们的假设，两项研究都表明，与享有声望的罪犯相比，观察者对有权有势的人有更强的丧失能力的动机，特别是当犯罪者来自内部群体时。研究 2 还表明，与有权势的罪犯相比，观察者对有声望的罪犯有更强的恢复动机。与预期相反，群体认同并没有缓和地位对观察者恢复性动机的影响。研究 3 分别操纵了权力和声望，并表明权力通过内群体威胁和感知伤害能力引发更强的丧失能力的动机。我们讨论了这些发现的理论和实践意义。研究 3 分别操纵了权力和声望，并表明权力通过内群体威胁和感知伤害能力引发更强的丧失能力的动机。我们讨论了这些发现的理论和实践意义。研究 3 分别操纵了权力和声望，并表明权力通过内群体威胁和感知伤害能力引发更强的丧失能力的动机。我们讨论了这些发现的理论和实践意义。