Bone remodeling is a lifelong process that gives rise to a mature, dynamic bone structure via a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. These opposite processes allow the accommodation of bones to dynamic mechanical forces, altering bone mass in response to changing conditions. Mechanical forces are indispensable for bone homeostasis; skeletal formation, resorption, and adaptation are dependent on mechanical signals, and loss of mechanical stimulation can therefore significantly weaken the bone structure, causing disuse osteoporosis and increasing the risk of fracture. The exact mechanisms by which the body senses and transduces mechanical forces to regulate bone remodeling have long been an active area of study among researchers and clinicians. Such research will lead to a deeper understanding of bone disorders and identify new strategies for skeletal rejuvenation. Here, we will discuss the mechanical properties, mechanosensitive cell populations, and mechanotransducive signaling pathways of the skeletal system.

骨重塑是一个终生的过程，通过成骨细胞的骨形成和破骨细胞的吸收之间的平衡，产生成熟、动态的骨结构。这些相反的过程允许骨骼适应动态机械力，改变骨量以响应不断变化的条件。机械力对于骨骼稳态是必不可少的；骨骼的形成、吸收和适应依赖于机械信号，因此机械刺激的丧失会显着削弱骨骼结构，导致废用性骨质疏松症并增加骨折的风险。长期以来，身体感知和传递机械力以调节骨骼重塑的确切机制一直是研究人员和临床医生的活跃研究领域。这样的研究将导致对骨骼疾病的更深入了解，并确定骨骼年轻化的新策略。在这里，我们将讨论骨骼系统的机械特性、机械敏感细胞群和机械转导信号通路。