Associative inference is an adaptive process of memory that allows people to recombine associated information and make novel inferences. We report two online human-subject experiments investigating an associative inference version in which participants viewed overlapping real-news pairs (AB&BC) that could later be linked to support inferences of misinformation (AC). In each experiment, we examined participants' recognition and perceived accuracy of snippets of news articles presented as tweets across two phases. At Phase 1, only real-news tweets were presented, which were associated with political news of Phase 2 at three levels: real, fake, and fake with inference. In Experiment 2, participants' cognitive ability was also assessed. Participants recognized more but gave lower accuracy ratings for the fake news with inference than the fake news in both experiments. The effect of associative inference was more evident in the perceived accuracy ratings for participants of higher cognitive ability than those of lower cognitive ability. We conclude that associative inference can make people become susceptible to misinformation. We also discuss the results in terms of why associative inference made people susceptible to misinformation in the relatively automatic familiarity judgment (i.e., recognition) but not the relatively controlled and effortful semantic judgment (i.e., accuracy rating). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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联想推理对个人对错误信息易感性的影响。

联想推理是一种适应性的记忆过程，它允许人们重新组合相关信息并做出新颖的推理。我们报告了两个在线人类主体实验，该实验研究了一个关联推理版本，在该版本中，参与者查看了重叠的真实新闻对 (AB&BC)，这些新闻对稍后可以链接以支持错误信息 (AC) 的推理。在每个实验中，我们检查了参与者在两个阶段对以推文形式呈现的新闻文章片段的识别和感知准确性。在第 1 阶段，仅呈现真实新闻推文，这些推文与第 2 阶段的政治新闻在三个层面上相关联：真实、虚假和带有推理的虚假。在实验 2 中，还评估了参与者的认知能力。在这两个实验中，与假新闻相比，参与者对带有推理的假新闻的认识更多，但给出的准确率较低。联想推理的影响在认知能力较高的参与者的感知准确度评级中比认知能力较低的参与者更为明显。我们得出结论，联想推理会使人们容易受到错误信息的影响。我们还讨论了为什么联想推理使人们在相对自动的熟悉度判断（即识别）而不是相对受控和费力的语义判断（即准确性评级）中容易受到错误信息影响的结果。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。联想推理的影响在认知能力较高的参与者的感知准确度评级中比认知能力较低的参与者更为明显。我们得出结论，联想推理会使人们容易受到错误信息的影响。我们还讨论了为什么联想推理使人们在相对自动的熟悉度判断（即识别）而不是相对受控和费力的语义判断（即准确性评级）中容易受到错误信息影响的结果。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。联想推理的影响在认知能力较高的参与者的感知准确度评级中比认知能力较低的参与者更为明显。我们得出结论，联想推理会使人们容易受到错误信息的影响。我们还讨论了为什么联想推理使人们在相对自动的熟悉度判断（即识别）而不是相对受控和费力的语义判断（即准确性评级）中容易受到错误信息影响的结果。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。我们还讨论了为什么联想推理使人们在相对自动的熟悉度判断（即识别）而不是相对受控和费力的语义判断（即准确性评级）中容易受到错误信息影响的结果。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。我们还讨论了为什么联想推理使人们在相对自动的熟悉度判断（即识别）而不是相对受控和费力的语义判断（即准确性评级）中容易受到错误信息影响的结果。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。