The current investigation tested if people's basic belief in the notion that human beings have developed from other animals (i.e., belief in evolution) can predict human-to-human prejudice and intergroup hostility. Using data from the American General Social Survey and Pew Research Center (Studies 1-4), and from three online samples (Studies 5, 7, 8) we tested this hypothesis across 45 countries, in diverse populations and religious settings, across time, in nationally representative data (N = 60,703), and with more comprehensive measures in online crowdsourced data (N = 2,846). Supporting the hypothesis, low belief in human evolution was associated with higher levels of prejudice, racist attitudes, and support for discriminatory behaviors against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ), Blacks, and immigrants in the United States (Study 1), with higher ingroup biases, prejudicial attitudes toward outgroups, and less support for conflict resolution in samples collected from 19 Eastern European countries (Study 2), 25 Muslim countries (Study 3), and Israel (Study 4). Further, among Americans, lower belief in evolution was associated with greater prejudice and militaristic attitudes toward political outgroups (Study 5). Finally, perceived similarity to animals (a construct distinct from belief in evolution, Study 6) partially mediated the link between belief in evolution and prejudice (Studies 7 and 8), even when controlling for religious beliefs, political views, and other demographic variables, and were also observed for nondominant groups (i.e., religious and racial minorities). Overall, these findings highlight the importance of belief in human evolution as a potentially key individual-difference variable predicting racism and prejudice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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偏执和人与动物的分歧：（不）相信人类进化和跨不同文化的偏执态度。

目前的调查测试了人们对人类从其他动物进化而来这一概念的基本信念（即对进化的信念）是否可以预测人与人之间的偏见和群体间的敌意。使用来自美国综合社会调查和皮尤研究中心（研究 1-4）和三个在线样本（研究 5、7、8）的数据，我们跨时间跨 45 个国家、不同人群和宗教环境测试了这一假设，在具有全国代表性的数据中（N = 60,703），并在在线众包数据中采用更全面的措施（N = 2,846）。支持这一假设的是，对人类进化的低信念与更高水平的偏见、种族主义态度以及对女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、跨性别者和酷儿 (LGBTQ)、黑人、黑人、和移民（研究 1），在从 19 个东欧国家（研究 2）、25 个穆斯林国家（研究 3）和以色列收集的样本中，具有更高的内群体偏见、对外群体的偏见态度以及对解决冲突的支持更少（研究 4）。此外，在美国人中，对进化论的较低信仰与对政治外群体的更大偏见和军国主义态度有关（研究 5）。最后，即使在控制宗教信仰、政治观点和其他人口统计变量的情况下，与动物的感知相似性（一种不同于进化论信仰的结构，研究 6）部分调节了进化论信仰与偏见之间的联系（研究 7 和 8），并且也观察到非主导群体（即宗教和种族少数）。全面的，这些发现强调了将人类进化信念作为预测种族主义和偏见的潜在关键个体差异变量的重要性。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。