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Premature Mortality Observations among Alaska’s Pacific Salmon During Record Heat and Drought in 2019
Fisheries ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 , DOI: 10.1002/fsh.10705
Vanessa R. Biela 1 , Christopher J. Sergeant 2, 3 , Michael P. Carey 1 , Zachary Liller 4 , Charles Russell 5 , Stephanie Quinn‐Davidson 6, 7 , Peter S. Rand 8 , Peter A.H. Westley 3 , Christian E. Zimmerman 1
Affiliation  

Widespread mortality of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. returning to spawn in Alaska coincided with record-breaking air temperatures and prolonged drought in summer 2019. Extreme environmental conditions are expected to happen more frequently with rapid climate change and challenge the notion that Alaska could indefinitely provide abundant, cool freshwater habitat for Pacific salmon. A total of 110 geographically widespread opportunistic observations of premature mortality (carcasses) were collected from a variety of sources. Premature mortalities were documented for Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Sockeye Salmon O. nerka, Chum Salmon O. keta, Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha, and Coho Salmon O. kisutch. Additionally, observations of Pink Salmon returning to spawn in Prince William Sound streams in 2019, obtained from systematic aerial surveys conducted annually, revealed low migration success in 87% of rain-driven streams (n = 30), 52% of snow-driven streams (n = 65), and only 18% of glacier-driven streams (n = 11). Salmon mortality observations were consistent with death due to heat stress resulting from high water temperatures or drought caused hypoxia and stranding. Developing a better understanding of how broad-scale climate patterns manifest at the stream scale can help us determine whether a major shift in Pacific salmon productivity is underway and inform fisheries management plans to better mitigate future risks.

中文翻译:

2019 年创纪录的高温和干旱期间阿拉斯加太平洋鲑鱼的过早死亡率观察

太平洋鲑鱼Oncorhynchus spp的广泛死亡率。在阿拉斯加恢复产卵恰逢创纪录的气温和 2019 年夏季的长期干旱。随着气候的迅速变化,极端环境条件预计将更频繁地发生,并挑战阿拉斯加可以无限期地为太平洋鲑鱼提供丰富、凉爽的淡水栖息地的观念。从各种来源收集了总共 110 个地理上广泛存在的过早死亡(尸体)机会观察结果。粉红色鲑鱼Oncorhynchus gorbuscha、Sockeye Salmon O. nerka、Chum Salmon O. keta、Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha和 Coho Salmon的过早死亡记录在案O.kisutch。此外,根据每年进行的系统航空调查,对 2019 年在威廉王子湾溪流中返回产卵的粉红鲑鱼的观察结果显示,87% 的雨水驱动溪流 ( n =  30) 和 52% 的雪驱动溪流迁移成功率较低( n =  65),只有 18% 的冰川驱动流 ( n =  11)。三文鱼死亡率观察结果与高水温或干旱导致的缺氧和搁浅导致的热应激死亡一致。更好地了解大尺度气候模式在河流尺度上的表现可以帮助我们确定太平洋鲑鱼生产力是否正在发生重大转变,并为渔业管理计划提供信息,以更好地减轻未来风险。
更新日期:2022-02-15
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