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Coming from elsewhere: the preponderance of introduced plant species in agroforestry systems on the east coast of Madagascar
Agroforestry Systems ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-02-14 , DOI: 10.1007/s10457-022-00732-z
Pascal Danthu 1 , Julien Sarron 1 , Isabelle Michel 2 , Stéphanie M. Carrière 3 , Vanesse Labeyrie 4 , Juliette Mariel 4 , Bakolimalala Rakouth 5 , Dominique Lasserre 6 , Eric Penot 7
Affiliation  

An inventory of the species in and around the clove agroforestry systems (AFS) on the east coast of Madagascar revealed that none of the currently grown species derive from the native Malagasy biodiversity: the herbaceous and woody plants which comprise planned agrobiodiversity, i.e. are deliberately planted by the farmer, are without exception, introduced species. The associated agrobiodiversity, including plants that grow spontaneously and are protected or tolerated by farmers, is composed of a mix of native and introduced species. This situation, which is paradoxical for an island with a very high level of endemicity is the result of a double process of species introduction. The first is associated with the waves of migration, which, during the past three thousand years or so, allowed colonisation of the island, previously devoid of human occupants. The migrant populations originating from Austronesia and then from Africa, introduced their own crops and associated growing practices and only exploited local biodiversity through gathering, which did not require planting or tending. This situation is therefore the result of a long process of farmers' strategies to manage natural resources in a context of subsistence agriculture. The second process is more recent and is associated with increasing occupation by Europeans from the 16th/eighteenth century onwards, which peaked at the end of the nineteenth century with the French colonisers, who introduced and then developed cash crops (coffee, cloves, vanilla). This long-term retrospective study sheds light on the dynamics at the origin of the biodiversity "melting pot" visible today in the AFS along the east coast of Madagascar. It shows the constant evolution and adaptation of farmers' strategies and cropping systems, but also their historical roots. The cohabitation between introduced and indigenous species, observed today in Madagascar, is found in other AFSs built around an introduced cash crop, in various tropical zones. Knowing the origins and determinants of this cohabitation could be useful to support future evolutions of these cropping systems in the current context of changing agricultural practices in response to ecological and macroeconomic pressures.



中文翻译:

来自其他地方:马达加斯加东海岸农林业系统中引入植物物种的优势

马达加斯加东海岸丁香农林业系统 (AFS) 及其周围的物种清单显示,目前种植的物种都不是来自马达加斯加本土的生物多样性:草本植物和木本植物构成了计划的农业生物多样性,即有意种植由农民,无一例外,都是引进品种。相关的农业生物多样性,包括自发生长并受到农民保护或容忍的植物,由本地和外来物种混合组成。这种情况对于一个地方性水平非常高的岛屿来说是自相矛盾的,这是物种引入的双重过程的结果。第一个与移民浪潮有关,在过去三千年左右的时间里,这使得该岛得以殖民化,以前没有人类居住者。来自南岛和非洲的移民人口引进了他们自己的作物和相关的种植方式,只通过采集利用当地的生物多样性,不需要种植或照料。因此,这种情况是农民在自给农业背景下管理自然资源的长期战略的结果。第二个过程较新,与 16 世纪/18 世纪以后欧洲人的占领增加有关,在 19 世纪末,法国殖民者引进并开发经济作物(咖啡、丁香、香草)达到顶峰。 . 这项长期的回顾性研究揭示了生物多样性“大熔炉”起源的动态 今天在马达加斯加东海岸的 AFS 可见。它展示了农民战略和种植系统的不断演变和适应,也展示了他们的历史根源。今天在马达加斯加观察到的引进物种和本土物种之间的共生,在不同热带地区围绕引进的经济作物建造的其他 AFS 中发现。在当前为应对生态和宏观经济压力而改变农业实践的背景下,了解这种同居的起源和决定因素可能有助于支持这些种植系统的未来演变。今天在马达加斯加观察到,在不同热带地区围绕引进的经济作物建造的其他 AFS 中发现。在当前为应对生态和宏观经济压力而改变农业实践的背景下,了解这种同居的起源和决定因素可能有助于支持这些种植系统的未来发展。今天在马达加斯加观察到,在不同热带地区围绕引进的经济作物建造的其他 AFS 中发现。在当前为应对生态和宏观经济压力而改变农业实践的背景下,了解这种同居的起源和决定因素可能有助于支持这些种植系统的未来发展。

更新日期:2022-02-14
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